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Primeira República Española Índice Nacemento da República | O transcurso desta etapa | Presidentes da I República | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegacióne10775

Estanislao FiguerasFrancesc Pi i MargallNicolás Salmerón AlonsoEmilio Castelar


Estados desaparecidos da Península IbéricaSexenio Democrático


España11 de febreiro187329 de decembro1874Amadeo de Savoia11 de febreiro187311 de febreiro1873Emilio Castelarrepública federalCristino Martos24 de febreiroGarda CivilCongresomaioPorto Rico23 de abril10 de maiofebreiroxuñoEstanislao Figueras7 de xuño8 de xuñoFrancesc Pi i Margall16 de xuñoEspañaNicolás SalmerónCartaxenaEmilio Castelar2 de xaneiro1874Manuel Pavía y AlburquerqueFrancisco Serrano29 de decembro1874Arsenio Martínez CamposSaguntoAfonso XIIIsabel IIhistoria de España










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España
Primeira República Española






←

1873–1874

→







Bandeira
Escudo

Lema: Plus Ultra
(en latín Máis alo)

Himno: Marcha Granadera e Himno de Riego

Capital

Madrid

Lingua

Castelán

Goberno

República presidencialista

Presidente

 • 1873

Estanislao Figueras
 • 1873
Francisco Pi y Margall
 • 1873

Nicolás Salmerón
 • 1873-1874

Emilio Castelar
 • 1874
Francisco Serrano y Domínguez

Lexislatura

Cortes

Período histórico

Século XIX
 • Abdicación de Amadeo I

11 de febreiro de 1873
 • Pronunciamento monárquico de Sagunto

29 de decembro de 1874

Moeda

Peseta


Alegoría da proclamación da I República Española, publicada en La Flaca, revista humorística e liberal do século XIX


A I República Española foi o período político que viviu España dende o 11 de febreiro de 1873 até o 29 de decembro de 1874.




Índice





  • 1 Nacemento da República


  • 2 O transcurso desta etapa


  • 3 Presidentes da I República


  • 4 Notas


  • 5 Véxase tamén

    • 5.1 Outros artigos





Nacemento da República |


O rei Amadeo de Savoia renuncia ao trono o 11 de febreiro de 1873. Os madrileños toman as rúas en apoio aos deputados republicanos que conseguen ao día seguinte a proclamación da República.


Na reunión das Cortes o 11 de febreiro de 1873, Emilio Castelar abre a Cámara, proclamándose a Primeira República Española.



O transcurso desta etapa |


Os partidos republicanos estaban divididos, entre os que querían un goberno unitario (un único goberno para todo o país) e os que querían unha república federal (estados autónomos que forman un estado de rango superior).


O presidente da Asemblea, Cristino Martos, dá un golpe de estado o 24 de febreiro e fai que a Garda Civil ocupe o Congreso. As Cortes suspenden as sesións até maio, mes no que se porán en marcha as Cortes Constituíntes despois dunhas eleccións que se celebrarán o 10 dese mesmo mes. Pero antes aproban a abolición da escravitude en Porto Rico.


A Milicia Nacional intenta sublevarse o 23 de abril, co suposto apoio da Garda Civil, e dalgúns militares e políticos. O goberno estaba atento e movilizou os batallóns. O intento da sublevación dos monárquicos fracasou e rendéronse.


As eleccións do 10 de maio dan a maioría absoluta aos federais (343 escanos de 374). Os republicanos divídense en tres faccións: a dereita de Castelar, o centro constitucionalista e a esquerda.



Dende febreiro até xuño a presidencia da República recae sobre Estanislao Figueras, home relativamente feble. O día 7 de xuño debátese nas Cortes unha proposta subscrita por sete deputados e que di:


"Artigo Único. A forma do goberno da Nación Española é a República democrática federal".[1]

O presidente, facendo cumprir o que ordenaba o Regulamento das Cortes, decide celebrar unha votación nominal ao día seguinte.


O día 8 de xuño procedeuse á votación, que deu un resultado de 219 votos a favor e 2 en contra.


O 8 de xuño dimite o que era presidente, Figueras, formouse polas Cortes -mediante votación- un novo executivo presidido por Francesc Pi i Margall, quen o día 13 pronuncia o discurso para poñer en común o seu programa de goberno e proclama a prioridade de redactar unha Constitución. Para este fin, o 16 de xuño créase unha comisión de 25 membros para redactar a nova constitución, presentando o proxecto de Constitucón Federal da República Española ao día seguinte.




Bandeira da I República Española


Por toda España esténdese un levantamento cantonal, polo que todas as rexións, cidades ou comarcas se declaran repúblicas ou cantóns, e rebélanse con violencia contra o estado. Pi i Margall dimite. Sucédeo Nicolás Salmerón, quen lle encarga ao exército de acabar con estes sucesos. Conségueo en toda España menos en Cartaxena, onde contan co apoio dos militares.


Os republicanos federais vense desacreditados polo levantamento. Tras a dimisión de Salmerón, é nomeado presidente Emilio Castelar, quen consegue o apoio dos monárquicos contra os cantonalistas, os carlistas e os independentistas cubanos.


O 2 de xaneiro de 1874, Castelar queda en minoría nas Cortes, o que implica que os federais volven ao goberno. Para evitar isto, os monárquicos de dereita, conseguen o apoio do capitán xeneral de Madrid, Manuel Pavía y Alburquerque, quen ao día seguinte entra no seu cabalo no Congreso e dá un golpe de estado. Castelar, que non quería estar no poder por medio de vías non democráticas, dimite.


O xeneral Francisco Serrano forma un novo goberno. Disolve as Cortes e é apoiado polos monárquicos, pese a nomearse Presidente da República.


O 29 de decembro de 1874, o xeneral Arsenio Martínez Campos pronúnciase en Sagunto en favor da restauración do trono da monarquía borbónica na persoa de Afonso XII, fillo de Isabel II.


Esta foi a primeira e derradeira experiencia federal na historia de España.



Presidentes da I República |




Estatua de Nicolás Salmerón en Almería.






















Presidente
Mandato
Tipo de república

Estanislao Figueras
febreiro-xuño de 1873
Rep. unitaria

Francesc Pi i Margall
xuño-xullo de 1873
Rep. federal

Nicolás Salmerón
xuño-setembro de 1873
Rep. federal

Emilio Castelar
setembro de 1873-xaneiro de 1874
Rep. unitaria

Francisco Serrano
xaneiro 1874 - decembro 1874
Rep. autoritaria


Notas |




  1. ↑ Diario de sesiones de las Cortes constituyentes de la República española". Congreso de los Diputados. Diario de sesiones: Legislatura histórica: Legislatura 1873-1874; nº8 (07-06-1873). Consultado o 22-03-2018.



Véxase tamén |



Outros artigos |


  • Historia de España

  • Afonso XII

  • II República Española




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