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San Vicente e as Granadinas Índice Historia | Política e goberno | Subdivisións | Xeografía | Economía | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegación13°15′N 61°12′O / 13.250, -61.200e"St. Vincent and the Grenadines""- Human Development Reports""Listaxe de países participantes en Rio2016, ordenados por continente""Report to the Regional Consultation on SIDS Specific Issues"o orixinalCIA Factbook entryUS Dept of State ProfilePáxina oficialeeWorldCat13597836015210094k3656258ID005792635778154051308-7n82123205ID00576551ge2357435507257004773D019436

Antiga e BarbudaBahamasBarbadosCubaDominicaRepública DominicanaGranadaHaitíSaint Kitts e NevisSan Vicente e as GranadinasSanta LucíaTrinidad e TobagoXamaicaXamaicaAntiga e BarbudaArxentinaBahamasBarbadosBelizeBoliviaBrasilCanadáChileColombiaCosta RicaCubaDominicaEcuadorEstados Unidos de AméricaEstados UnidosGranadaGuatemalaGüianaHaitíHondurasMéxicoNicaraguaPanamáParaguaiPerúRepública DominicanaSaint Kitts e NevisO SalvadorSan Vicente e as GranadinasSanta LucíaSurinameTrinidad e TobagoUruguaiVenezuelaXamaicaXamaica


San Vicente e as Granadinas


inglésCaribeSan VicenteGranadinasSanta LucíaGranadaBarbadosKingstowncaribescaribeseuropea1719africanoscaribes negros1719franceses17631779Tratado de París (1783)Joseph ChatoyerRalph AbercrombyRoatánHondurasabolida1834Federación das Indias OccidentaisA SoufrièreFuracán Lennydemocracia parlamentariaMancomunidade Británica de NaciónsRaíñaIsabel IIxefe de EstadoGobernador XeralPrimeiro MinistroGabinetelíder da oposiciónComunidade do CaribeOrganización de Estados do Caribe OrientalparroquiasSanta LucíaGranadaIllas de BarloventoAntillas Menoresarco insularMar CaribeSan Vicentekm²Granadinasplátanos2003protestantedólar do Caribe Oriental












San Vicente e as Granadinas




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Coordenadas: 13°15′N 61°12′O / 13.250, -61.200






















































San Vicente e as Granadinas
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines


Bandeira de San Vicente e as Granadinas

Escudo de San Vicente e as Granadinas



BandeiraEscudo
VCT orthographic.svg

Lema: Pax et justitia
(latín: «Paz e xustiza»)

Himno: St Vincent Land So Beautiful

Capital
 • Poboación

Kingstown
17 600 (2003)
Cidade máis poboadaKingstown
Linguas oficiaisInglés
Forma de gobernoMonarquía constitucional

Raíña
Gobernador xeral
Primeiro ministro

Isabel II
Frederick Ballantyne
Ralph Gonsalves

Independencia do Reino Unido

27 de outubre de 1979
SuperficiePosto 184º
 • Total389 km²
Fronteiras0 km
Costas84 km
PoboaciónPosto 196º
 • Total (2016)109 643 hab.
 • Densidade
307 hab./km²

PIB (nominal)
 • Total (2016)$784 millóns US$[1]
 • per cápita
$7 123[1]

PIB (PPA)
 • Total (2016)$1,243 millóns US$[1]
 • per cápita
11 291 US$[1]
Moeda
Dólar Caribe-Leste (EC$, XCD)

IDH (2017)
0,723[2] (99º) – alto
XentilicioSanvicentino, sanvicentina
Fuso horario
UTC -4
 • Horario de verán
Non aplica
Dominio de Internet.vc
Prefixo telefónico+1-784
Prefixo radiofónicoJ8A-J8Z
Código ISO670 / VCT / VC
Membro de: Commonwealth, CARICOM, ONU, OECS, OEA, AEC

San Vicente e as Granadinas[3] (en inglés: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) é un país do Caribe, constituído pola illa de San Vicente e pola metade norte da cadea das Granadinas. Ten fronteiras marítimas con Santa Lucía ao nordeste e con Granada ao suroeste, e é un dos países máis próximos de Barbados. A súa capital é Kingstown.




Índice





  • 1 Historia


  • 2 Política e goberno


  • 3 Subdivisións


  • 4 Xeografía


  • 5 Economía

    • 5.1 Turismo



  • 6 Notas


  • 7 Véxase tamén

    • 7.1 Bibliografía


    • 7.2 Ligazóns externas





Historia |


A illa coñecida hoxe como San Vicente era chamada orixinalmente Youloumain[4] polos habitantes caribes, que se chamaban a si mesmos kalina/carina ("l" e "r" eran pronunciados do mesmo xeito na lingua). Os caribes evitaron, mesmo pola forza, a colonización europea en San Vicente ata o 1719. Os africanos escravizados, (tanto náufragos coma fuxitivos de Barbados, Santa Lucía e Granada) buscaron refuxio en San Vicente, ou Hairouna nome que lle deran os caribes, e mesturáronse cos caribes, converténdose en caribes negros ou garifuna.


A partir de 1719 establecéronse colonos franceses, que cultivaron café, tabaco, índigo, algodón e azucre en plantacións traballadas por africanos escravizados. En 1763, San Vicente foi cedido a Gran Bretaña. Restaurado o goberno dos franceses en 1779, San Vicente foi recuperado polos británicos baixo o Tratado de París (1783) no cal Gran Bretaña recoñeceu oficialmente o final da Revolución estadounidense. Tratados complementarios foron tamén asinados con Francia e España, coñecidos como os Tratados de Versalles de 1783, parte dos cales volveron pór a San Vicente baixo control británico.


O conflito entre os británicos e os caribes negros, liderados polo desafiante Xefe Supremo Joseph Chatoyer, continuaron ata 1796, cando o xeneral Sir Ralph Abercromby esmagou un revolta fomentada polo radical francés Victor Hugues. Máis de 5.000 Caribes Negros foron finalmente deportados a Roatán, unha illa fronte á costa de Honduras.


A escravitude foi abolida en 1834. Despois do período de aprendizaxe, que acabou prematuramente en 1838, a escaseza de traballo nas plantacións resultou na inmigración de criados contratados. Os portugueses viñeron de Madeira a partir dos anos 1840 e gran cantidade de traballadores indios do leste chegaron entre 1861-1880. As condicións continuaron sendo duras tanto para os antigos escravos como para os traballadores inmigrantes na agricultura, xa que os baixos prezos mundiais do azucre mantiveron a economía estancada ata o cambio de século.


Desde 1763 ata a independencia, San Vicente pasou a través de varias fases de situación colonial baixo os británicos. Unha asemblea representativa foi autorizada en 1776, o goberno de Colonia da Coroa instalado en 1877, un consello lexislativo creado en 1925 e un sufraxio adulto universal en 1951.


Durante este período, os británicos fixeron varios intentos sen éxito para afiliar San Vicente con outras illas de Barlovento a fin de gobernar a rexión a través dunha administración unificada. As propias colonias, desexosas de liberarse do goberno británico, fixeron un notable intento de unificación chamada Federación das Indias Occidentais, que desapareceu en 1962. O 27 de outubro de 1969 outorgóuselle a San Vicente a condición de estado asociado, dándolle o control completo sobre os seus asuntos internos. Despois dun referendo en 1979, baixo o goberno de Milton Cato, San Vicente e as Granadinas convertéronse na última das illas de Barlovento en conseguir a independencia no décimo aniversario da súa condición de estado asociado, o 27 de outubro de 1979.


Varios desastres naturais figuran na historia do país. En 1902, o volcán de A Soufrière entrou en erupción, matando a 2.000 persoas. Moitas terras de labranza foron danadas, e a economía deteriorada. En abril de 1979, A Soufrière volveu entrar en erupción. Aínda que ninguén morreu, miles de persoas tiveron que ser evacuadas, e houbo un amplo dano na agricultura. En 1980 e 1987, furacáns comprometeron as plantacións de banana e coco; en 1998 e 1999 tamén viron tempadas de furacáns moi activas, co Furacán Lenny en 1999 causando grandes danos na costa oeste da illa.



Política e goberno |


San Vicente e as Granadinas é unha democracia parlamentaria dentro da Mancomunidade Británica de Nacións. A Raíña Isabel II é xefe de Estado e está representada na illa por un Gobernador Xeral, un cargo na súa maior parte con funcións cerimoniais. O control do goberno descansa no Primeiro Ministro e o Gabinete. Hai unha oposición parlamentaria feita pola minoría máis grande nas eleccións xerais, encabezada polo líder da oposición.


O país non ten forzas armadas formais, aínda que a Forza Policial Real de San Vicente e as Granadinas inclúe unha Unidade de Servizos Especiais.


San Vicente e as Granadinas son un membro pleno e participante da Comunidade do Caribe (CARICOM) e a Organización de Estados do Caribe Oriental (OECS).



Subdivisións |



Artigo principal: Subdivisións de San Vicente e as Granadinas.



Mapa político da illa de San Vicente


Administrativamente, San Vicente e as Granadinas divídese en seis parroquias, con cinco en San Vicente, e as Granadinas xuntas constituíndo a sexta.



  1. Carlota (Parish of Charlotte)


  2. San Andrés (Parish of Saint Andrew)


  3. San David (Parish of Saint David)


  4. San Jorge (Parish of Saint George)


  5. San Patricio (Parish of Saint Patrick)


  6. Granadinas (Parish of the Grenadines)


Xeografía |




Mapa de San Vicente e as Granadinas.


San Vicente e as Granadinas atópase entre Santa Lucía e Granada nas Illas de Barlovento das Antillas Menores, un arco insular do Mar Caribe. As illas de San Vicente e as Granadinas inclúen a illa principal de San Vicente (344 km²) e as dúas terceiras partes das Granadinas do norte (45 km²), unha cadea de pequenas illas estirándose cara ao sur desde San Vicente ata Granada.



Economía |



Artigo principal: Economía de San Vicente e as Granadinas.

A economía sanvicentina é moi modesta, e a súa principal fonte de ingresos é a exportación de plátanos e algúns produtos agrícolas. Aínda que o turismo veu crecendo nos últimos anos o goberno non puido diversificar a súa fonte de divisas. Segundo cifras do ano 2003 a poboación das illas ascende a 116 812 persoas das cales o 66% son de raza negra e o 75% practican o cristianismo protestante. Unha gran parte dos produtos que consomen ten que ser importada dos seus socios comerciais. A súa moeda é o dólar do Caribe Oriental



Turismo |


O sector do turismo ten un potencial considerable para o desenvolvemento. A rodaxe dos filmes da franquía Pirates of the Caribbean nas illas axudou a potenciar a imaxe internacional de visitantes e investidores. O crecemento recente foi estimulado pola forte actividade do sector da construción e a mellora do turismo.[5]



Notas |




  1. ↑ 1,01,11,21,3 "St. Vincent and the Grenadines". International Monetary Fund. 2016. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2016. 


  2. ↑ "- Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org. 


  3. ↑ "Listaxe de países participantes en Rio2016, ordenados por continente" (PDF). Portal das Palabras. Consultado o 16 de agosto de 2016. 


  4. ↑ Frere. Adrien Le Breton SJ. (1662–1736). Historic Account of Saint Vincent, the Indian Youroumayn, the island of the Karaÿbes. París: Museum of Natural History, Fonds Jussieu. 


  5. ↑ Culzac-Wilson, Lystra (outubro de 2003). "Report to the Regional Consultation on SIDS Specific Issues" (PDF). United Nations Environment Program. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 11 de xaneiro de 2012. Consultado o 16 de decembro de 2011. 



Véxase tamén |





Bibliografía |


  • Bobrow, Jill & Jinkins, Dana. 1985. St. Vincent and the Grenadines. 4th Edition Revised and Updated, Concepts Publishing Co., Waitsfield, Vermont, 1993.

  • Cosover, Mary Jo. 1989. "St. Vincent and the Grenadines." In Islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean: A Regional Study, edited by Sandra W. Meditz and Dennis M. Hanratty. US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

  • CIA Factbook entry

  • Gonsalves, Ralph E. 1994. History and the Future: A Caribbean Perspective. Quik-Print, Kingstown, St Vincent.

  • US Dept of State Profile

  • Williams, Eric. 1964. British Historians and the West Indies, Port-of-Spain.


Ligazóns externas |



  • Páxina oficial (en inglés)



Traído desde "https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Vicente_e_as_Granadinas&oldid=5079304"










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