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Estado de Durango Índice Xeografía | Historia | Economía | Grupos étnicos | Educación | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegaciónGoberno do Estado de DurangoeWorldCat13015584612003182mID002325240117414472450-0n50065429ID23997407005583

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Estados de México


Outros Estados mexicanosDistrito FederalMéxicoVictoria de DurangoGuadalupe VictoriabiscaínaDurangoFrancisco de IbarraÉibarChihuahuaNayaritCoahuilaZacatecasXaliscoSinaloaGómez PalacioCiudad Lerdoabetoyuto-nahuaNuño Beltrán de GuzmánZacatecasNova BiscaiaChihuahuaSonoraSinaloaCoahuilareformas borbónicastepehuanosnahuashuicholescorasrarámurismenonitascatolicismo












Estado de Durango




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ESTADO DE DURANGO

Durango in Mexico.png


Outros Estados mexicanos


Capital
Victoria de Durango
Outras cidades primarias
Gómez Palacio, Ciudad Lerdo
Área
Posición
125.381 km²
4°
Poboación (censo de 2015)
Posición
1.754.754
12°

ISO 3166-2
Abreviación postal
MX-CAM
CAM.

Durango é un dos 31 estados que xunto co Distrito Federal conforman as 32 entidades federativas de México. No ano 2015 tiña 1.754.754 habitantes.


Aínda que a capital do estado é coñecida popularmente como Durango, o seu nome oficial é Victoria de Durango, en honra ao primeiro presidente de México, Guadalupe Victoria, orixinario deste estado. Recibe o nome da vila biscaína de Durango, dado polo conquistador Francisco de Ibarra, orixinario de Éibar.




Índice





  • 1 Xeografía

    • 1.1 Clima


    • 1.2 Flora e fauna



  • 2 Historia


  • 3 Economía


  • 4 Grupos étnicos

    • 4.1 Crenzas e relixións



  • 5 Educación


  • 6 Véxase tamén

    • 6.1 Ligazóns externas





Xeografía |


Ten unha superficie de 125.381 km². Limita ao norte con Chihuahua, ao sur con Nayarit, ao leste con Coahuila e Zacatecas, ao suroeste con Xalisco e ao oeste con Sinaloa. Amais da capital, as súas cidades máis importantes son Gómez Palacio e Ciudad Lerdo.




Paisaxe de Sierra madre Occidental.



Clima |


Na maior parte do estado o clima é seco e semiseco, con choivas escasas durante todo o ano. No alto da serra o clima é temperado con choivas en verán e con xeadas e nevadas no inverno, por mor das baixas temperaturas e os ventos húmidos procedentes do Pacífico.



Flora e fauna |





Ursus americanus


Durango foi distinguido pola súa fauna nos últimos anos, pois atopáronse de novo animas dados por extinguidos, como o oso negro mexicano, e documentáronse arredor de 30 individuos de oso gris. O lobo mexicano estivo a piques de desaparecer no estado de Durango durante o século XX, pero grupos de protección da fauna local lograron reproducilo e reintroducilo no seu hábitat natural, con acordos cos rancheiros e as autoridades do estado. O puma ou león de montaña parece frecuentar as serras de piñeiros e enciñeiras. Nos altos bosques da Sierra Madre Occidental encóntrase unha especie rara de abeto, abies durangensis, que crece nos municipios lindeiros con Sinaloa e Chihuahua.



Historia |


As evidencias arqueolóxicas apuntan a que a agricultura foi traída a esta zona desde o sur por grupos de filiación yuto-nahua. A exploración española comezou en 1531 coa expedición de Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán. Nas seguintes décadas fundáronse asentamentos máis ao norte de Zacatecas ao se descubriren xacementos de prata. Ibarra nomeou esta área como Nova Biscaia, que abrangue os actuais estados de Durango e Chihuahua, así como zonas do leste de Sonora e Sinaloa e o suroeste de Coahuila.


En 1777, como parte das reformas borbónicas, as provincias do norte do Vicerreinado foron organizadas na Comandancia Xeral das Provincias Internas, entidade autónoma do Vicerreinado en cuestións militares e administrativas, pero apoiada financieiramente polo mesmo.




Pancho Villa durante a súa etapa de bandoleiro.



Economía |




Turismo nocturno na cidade de Durango.


A mineiría constitúe a rama económica que máis riqueza produce. Durango é a segunda entidade produtora de ouro e prata no país despois de Sonora, terceira en chumbo, quinta en cobre e sexta en cinc. Porén, os beneficios económicos da produción de metais preciosos non se aprecian nos centros mineiros, convertidos en simples unidades de extracción de riqueza. Neles só habitan os traballadores absolutamente indispensables para operar: técnicos e obreiros, reducidos en número pola alta tecnificación que caracteriza os procesos de extracción e beneficio.



Grupos étnicos |


No actual territorio duranguense conviven 5 grupos étnicos dos 65 que hai en México: tepehuanos, nahuas, huicholes, coras e rarámuris. Os menonitas son outro importante grupo étnico alóctono que reside no estado.



Crenzas e relixións |




Catedral basílica de Victoria de Durango.


En Durango a confesión de fe de maior práctica e representación é o catolicismo. Durango está dividido en dioceses e parroquias segundo as áreas lingüísticas e xeográficas que conforman a entidade.



Educación |




Universidade Juárez do Estado de Durango.


A Universidade Juárez do Estado de Durango incorporouse en 1938 á Universidade Nacional Autónoma de México, adoptando o lema "Por mi Raza hablará el espíritu" e o seu escudo actual.



Véxase tamén |





Ligazóns externas |



  • Goberno do Estado de Durango (en castelán)



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