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Organismo pluricelular Véxase tamén | Menú de navegaciónID2561350000468

Bioloxía


latíndiminutivoorganismocélulaorganismos unicelularesprotozoosbacteriastecidosórganosbioloxía do desenvolvementoanatomíacancro










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1000 12/16



Organismo pluricelular




Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.

(Redirixido desde "Pluricelular")





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Nesta imaxe vese un Caenorhabditis elegans do tipo silvestre (ilumínase para observar os núcleos das súas células).


Un organismo pluricelular ou multicelular (das formas do latín plures, plura, plurium que significan "varios", "moitos"; e cellula, diminutivo tamén latino de cella, "cela", "cuarto pequeno") é aquel organismo que está constituído por máis dunha célula e que posúe células diferenciadas que realizan funcións especializadas, en contraposición aos organismos unicelulares (protozoos e bacterias, entre moitos outros) que reúnen todas as súas funcións vitais nunha única célula.


A pluricelularidade ten a vantaxe de que permite a especialización de diferentes grupos celulares, ao liberar as células de ter que asumir todas as funcións vitais. Así, posibilítase a formación de diferentes tecidos e órganos. Un grupo de células similarmente diferenciadas que levan a cabo unha determinada función nun organismo multicelular coñécese como un tecido. Non obstante, nalgúns organismos unicelulares, tales como as Myxobacteria, atópanse células diferenciadas, aínda que a diferenciación é menos pronunciada que a que se atopa tipicamente en organismos pluricelulares.


Os organismos pluricelulares deben afrontar o problema de rexenerar o organismo enteiro a partir de células xerminais, obxecto de estudo pola bioloxía do desenvolvemento. A organización espacial das células diferenciadas como un todo o estuda a anatomía.


Os organismos pluricelulares poden sufrir de cancro, cando falla a regulación do crecemento das células dentro do marco de desenvolvemento normal.



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