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Xerome de Estridón Índice Traxectoria | A Vulgata | Pensamento | Obras | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegacióneWorldCat951470241519ADV1017567490272306XX874236119074986200083519730a10483937cnp01260016ID0034479118550853ITICCUCFIV10145hieronymus_saint_auteur_du_texte0000 0001 2321 32930068K9271Fn79124709ID01023878jn1998100156336534521000097289069616353OL6464041A11304846779189318w6r5192c027396436500060933

Padres da IgrexaSantosTradutores da BibliaTradutores do hebreoTradutores do gregoTradutores ao latínLatinistasAcadémicos da traduciónDoutores da IgrexaFinados en 420Nados en 347Nados en Croacia


Estridón34730 de setembro420teólogoIdade AntigacristianismoBibliaPai da Igrexagodos392DalmaciaPannonialatínRomaDonatogregoCicerónVirxilioHoracioTácitoHomeroPlatónItaliaSanto AmbrosioPapa San DámasoRomaBelénXesúsVulgataIgrexa Católica Latina1979382Novo Testamento390Antigo Testamento40530 de setembroDía Internacional da TraduciónMarciónManesvirxindade












Xerome de Estridón




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Xerome de Estridón
Bemberg Fondation Toulouse - Saint Jérôme - Bruzzi Ca 1580 - peinture sur cuivre Inv.1007 45x40.jpg
Nacemento
c. 345
 Estridón
Falecemento
c. 30 de setembro de 420
 Belén
SoterradoBelén
NacionalidadeRoma Antiga
RelixiónIgrexa católica
Ocupación
sacerdote, teólogo, historiador, apologista, tradutor da Bíblia, anacoreta e tradutor
[ editar datos en Wikidata ]


San Xerome de Estridón de Xoán Davila na capela da comuñón da Catedral de Santiago de Compostela.




Xerome de Estridón na fachada da Basílica de Santa María a Maior de Pontevedra.




San Xerome, obra de José de Ribera do ano 1644 conservado no Museo do Prado.


Xerome de Estridón (en latín, Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus), nado en Estridón no 347 e finado o 30 de setembro de 420, foi un teólogo da Idade Antiga, coñecido como San Xerome polo cristianismo.


San Xerome, cuxo nome significa "o que ten un nome sagrado", consagrou toda a súa vida ao estudo das Sagradas Escrituras e é considerado un dos mellores neste oficio. Traduciu a Biblia do grego e o hebreo ao latín e é considerado Pai da Igrexa, un dos catro grandes Pais Latinos.




Índice





  • 1 Traxectoria

    • 1.1 Vida en Belén



  • 2 A Vulgata


  • 3 Pensamento


  • 4 Obras


  • 5 Véxase tamén

    • 5.1 Outros artigos





Traxectoria |




San Xerome por Bellini (1505).


Naceu en Estridón (oppidum, destruído polos godos en 392, situado na fronteira de Dalmacia e Pannonia) no ano 347.


Estudou latín en Roma baixo a dirección do máis famoso profesor do seu tempo, Donato, quen era pagán. O santo chegou a ser un gran latinista e moi bo coñecedor do grego e doutros idiomas, pero moi pouco coñecedor dos libros espirituais e relixiosos. Pasaba horas e días lendo e aprendendo de memoria aos grandes autores latinos, Cicerón, Virxilio, Horacio e Tácito, e aos autores gregos: Homero, e Platón, pero case nunca dedicaba tempo á lectura espiritual.


Xerome dispuxo irse ao deserto a facer penitencia polos seus pecados (especialmente pola súa sensualidade que era moi forte, polo seu terrible mal xenio e o seu grande orgullo). Pero aínda que rezaba moito, xaxuaba, e pasaba noites sen durmir, non conseguiu a paz, descubrindo que a súa misión non era vivir na soidade.


De regreso á cidade, os bispos de Italia xunto co Papa nomearon como Secretario a Santo Ambrosio, pero este caeu enfermo, e decidiron nomear a Xerome, quen desempeñou o cargo con moita eficiencia e sabedoría. Vendo os seus extraordinarios dotes e coñecementos, o Papa San Dámaso nomeouno como o seu secretario, encargado de redactar as cartas que o Pontífice enviaba, e logo designouno para facer a tradución da Biblia.


Ao redor dos 40 anos, Xerome foi ordenado sacerdote, pero os seus altos cargos en Roma e a dureza coa que corrixía certos defectos da alta clase social trouxéronlle envexas e inimigos, e, sentíndose incomprendido e ata calumniado en Roma, onde non aceptaban o seu modo enérxico de corrección, dispuxo afastarse de alí para sempre e foise a Terra Santa.




San Xerome por Caravaggio.



Vida en Belén |


Os seus últimos 35 anos pasounos nunha gruta, xunto á Cova de Belén. Varias das ricas matronas romanas que el convertera coas súas predicacións e consellos, venderon os seus bens e fóronse tamén a Belén a seguir baixo a súa dirección espiritual. Co diñeiro desas señoras construíu naquela cidade un convento para homes e tres para mulleres, e unha casa para atender aos que chegaban de todas partes do mundo a visitar o sitio onde naceu Xesús. Escribiu contra as diferentes herexías con tremenda enerxía.



A Vulgata |




Folio dunha carta de San Xerome ao Papa Dámaso do Codex Beneventanus.


As traducións da Biblia que existían nese tempo (chamadas actualmente "Vetus Latina") tiñan moitas imperfeccións de linguaxe e varias imprecisións ou traducións non moi exactas. Xerome, que escribía con grande elegancia o latín, traduciu a este idioma toda a Biblia, e esa tradución chamada "Vulgata" (ou tradución feita para o pobo ou vulgo) foi a Biblia oficial para a Igrexa Católica Latina durante 15 séculos, ata a promulgación da Neovulgata no ano 1979.


Foi un soado estudoso do latín nunha época na que iso implicaba dominar o grego. Sabía algo de hebreo cando comezou o seu proxecto de tradución, pero mudouse a Belén para perfeccionar os seus coñecementos do idioma. Comezou a tradución no ano 382 corrixindo a versión latina existente do Novo Testamento. Aproximadamente no ano 390 pasou a traballar no Antigo Testamento en hebreo. Completou a súa obra no ano 405.


A Igrexa Católica recoñeceu sempre a San Xerome como un home elixido por Deus para explicar e facer entender mellor a Biblia, polo que foi nomeado Patrón de todos os que no mundo se dedican a facer entender a Biblia. Pola mesma razón, na data da súa morte, o 30 de setembro, celébrase o Día Internacional da Tradución.



Pensamento |




Antonello da Messina, San Xerome no seu estudo, 1460


Xerome preocupouse polos deberes dos sacerdotes recomendándolles o coñecemento das Sagradas Escrituras (que nunca o texto sagrado se che caia das mans) prudencia no trato coas mulleres (ignora por igual a todas as doncelas ou virxes de Cristo ou ámaas por igual. Non mores baixo o mesmo teito con elas nin te fíes da súa anterior castidade. Non es máis santo que David nin máis sabio que Salomón) e a solidariedade cos marxinados (coñezan a túa mesa os pobres e os peregrinos, e con eles Cristo como convidado).



Fustrigou aos cregos que se enriquecían e esquecían a humildade (foxe como da peste do crego negociante, e que de pobre que era se fixo rico, e de plebeo, fanfarrón) así como dos que alternaban con xente principal:



has de evitar os convites de xente mundana e sobre todo dos que presumen de altos cargos. É indecoroso que ás portas dun sacerdote do Señor crucificado e pobre, e que se alimentaba do pan que outros lle daban, monten garda os lanceiros do cónsul e os soldados
Carta a Nepociano sobre os deberes dos sacerdotes


Aos laicos predicoulles, fronte ás ideas de Marción e Manes a bondade do matrimonio pero sempre por debaixo da virxindade (Chamamos ouro á virxindade e prata ao matrimonio). Advertiulles tamén moi severamente do perigo das riquezas:



Con razón fala o Evanxeo das riquezas inxustas, pois todas as riquezas non teñen outra orixe que a inxustiza e non se pode facer un dono delas sen que outro as perda ou se arruíne
Carta a Hebidia



Obras |





Ordo seu regula



  • De viris illustribus.


  • Adversus Iovinianum.


  • Contra Vigilantium.


  • Dialogi contra Pelagianus.


  • Liber Locorum.


  • Liber interpretationis habraicorum nominis.


Véxase tamén |





Outros artigos |


  • Colexio de San Xerome



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