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How do I transpose the 1st and -1th levels of an arbitrarily nested array?

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How do I transpose the 1st and -1th levels of an arbitrarily nested array?



The Next CEO of Stack OverflowA question about transforming one List into two Lists with additional requirementsEmulating R data frame getters with UpValuesQuickly pruning elements in one structured array that exist in a separate unordered array`Part` like `Delete`: How to delete list of columns or arbitrarily deeper levelsHow to mesh a region using adaptive cubic elementsHow to efficiently Flatten nested lists while preserving select levels?Distribute elements of one line across arbitrary dimension of another listDeep level nested list addition`Transpose` nested `Association`Reformatting the pattern inside a list










6












$begingroup$


Is there a straightforward way to convert



arr = 
 a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b
;


to:



a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b


?



I need to swap the first and last dimension. Which should in principle be possible, because, although arr does not have a fixed structure, the 'bottom' is always uniform:



Level[arr, -2]



a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b



Had Transpose/Flatten/MapThread accepted a negative level specification it would have been easy. That is not the case.



One can think about that question as: How do I create arr2 so that arr[[whatever__, y_]] == arr2[[y, whatever__]]?



EDIT:



In general Level[arr, -2] should be a rectangular array, but rows do not need to be the same.



So this:



a1, b1, a2, b2, a3, b3, a4, b4, a5, b5, a6, b6, a7,b7 ;


should end up:



 a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 , ...;





list-manipulation







share|improve this question











$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    Not a solution, but Flatten[MapIndexed[RotateRight[#2] -> #1 &, arr, -1]] gives you a list of rules of what needs to be constructed. I don't know of a way to construct it though: SparseArray does not construct ragged structures.
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Maybe something along the lines of arr /. a,b->a,a,b->b? Or perhaps more generally, arr /. a_?VectorQ :> First@a, a_?VectorQ :> Last@a?
    $endgroup$
    – Carl Woll
    5 hours ago











  • $begingroup$
    Does your list always contain a,b at the lowest level, or can there be anything there as long as they're all of same length?
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago











  • $begingroup$
    @Roman Level[arr, -2]` should be a rectangular array but rows do not need to be the same.
    $endgroup$
    – Kuba♦
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Kuba maybe you can come up with a recursion that constructs the result from the list of rules I gave 4 lines up? That would be a handy tool to have in any case.
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago
















6












$begingroup$


Is there a straightforward way to convert



arr = 
 a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b
;


to:



a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b


?



I need to swap the first and last dimension. Which should in principle be possible, because, although arr does not have a fixed structure, the 'bottom' is always uniform:



Level[arr, -2]



a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b



Had Transpose/Flatten/MapThread accepted a negative level specification it would have been easy. That is not the case.



One can think about that question as: How do I create arr2 so that arr[[whatever__, y_]] == arr2[[y, whatever__]]?



EDIT:



In general Level[arr, -2] should be a rectangular array, but rows do not need to be the same.



So this:



a1, b1, a2, b2, a3, b3, a4, b4, a5, b5, a6, b6, a7,b7 ;


should end up:



 a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 , ...;





list-manipulation







share|improve this question











$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    Not a solution, but Flatten[MapIndexed[RotateRight[#2] -> #1 &, arr, -1]] gives you a list of rules of what needs to be constructed. I don't know of a way to construct it though: SparseArray does not construct ragged structures.
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Maybe something along the lines of arr /. a,b->a,a,b->b? Or perhaps more generally, arr /. a_?VectorQ :> First@a, a_?VectorQ :> Last@a?
    $endgroup$
    – Carl Woll
    5 hours ago











  • $begingroup$
    Does your list always contain a,b at the lowest level, or can there be anything there as long as they're all of same length?
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago











  • $begingroup$
    @Roman Level[arr, -2]` should be a rectangular array but rows do not need to be the same.
    $endgroup$
    – Kuba♦
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Kuba maybe you can come up with a recursion that constructs the result from the list of rules I gave 4 lines up? That would be a handy tool to have in any case.
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago














6












6








6





$begingroup$


Is there a straightforward way to convert



arr = 
 a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b
;


to:



a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b


?



I need to swap the first and last dimension. Which should in principle be possible, because, although arr does not have a fixed structure, the 'bottom' is always uniform:



Level[arr, -2]



a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b



Had Transpose/Flatten/MapThread accepted a negative level specification it would have been easy. That is not the case.



One can think about that question as: How do I create arr2 so that arr[[whatever__, y_]] == arr2[[y, whatever__]]?



EDIT:



In general Level[arr, -2] should be a rectangular array, but rows do not need to be the same.



So this:



a1, b1, a2, b2, a3, b3, a4, b4, a5, b5, a6, b6, a7,b7 ;


should end up:



 a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 , ...;





list-manipulation







share|improve this question











$endgroup$




Is there a straightforward way to convert



arr = 
 a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b
;


to:



a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b


?



I need to swap the first and last dimension. Which should in principle be possible, because, although arr does not have a fixed structure, the 'bottom' is always uniform:



Level[arr, -2]



a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b



Had Transpose/Flatten/MapThread accepted a negative level specification it would have been easy. That is not the case.



One can think about that question as: How do I create arr2 so that arr[[whatever__, y_]] == arr2[[y, whatever__]]?



EDIT:



In general Level[arr, -2] should be a rectangular array, but rows do not need to be the same.



So this:



a1, b1, a2, b2, a3, b3, a4, b4, a5, b5, a6, b6, a7,b7 ;


should end up:



 a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 , ...;





list-manipulation




list-manipulation






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 9 mins ago









Peter Mortensen

33627




33627










asked 5 hours ago









Kuba♦Kuba

107k12210531




107k12210531











  • $begingroup$
    Not a solution, but Flatten[MapIndexed[RotateRight[#2] -> #1 &, arr, -1]] gives you a list of rules of what needs to be constructed. I don't know of a way to construct it though: SparseArray does not construct ragged structures.
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Maybe something along the lines of arr /. a,b->a,a,b->b? Or perhaps more generally, arr /. a_?VectorQ :> First@a, a_?VectorQ :> Last@a?
    $endgroup$
    – Carl Woll
    5 hours ago











  • $begingroup$
    Does your list always contain a,b at the lowest level, or can there be anything there as long as they're all of same length?
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago











  • $begingroup$
    @Roman Level[arr, -2]` should be a rectangular array but rows do not need to be the same.
    $endgroup$
    – Kuba♦
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Kuba maybe you can come up with a recursion that constructs the result from the list of rules I gave 4 lines up? That would be a handy tool to have in any case.
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago

















  • $begingroup$
    Not a solution, but Flatten[MapIndexed[RotateRight[#2] -> #1 &, arr, -1]] gives you a list of rules of what needs to be constructed. I don't know of a way to construct it though: SparseArray does not construct ragged structures.
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Maybe something along the lines of arr /. a,b->a,a,b->b? Or perhaps more generally, arr /. a_?VectorQ :> First@a, a_?VectorQ :> Last@a?
    $endgroup$
    – Carl Woll
    5 hours ago











  • $begingroup$
    Does your list always contain a,b at the lowest level, or can there be anything there as long as they're all of same length?
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago











  • $begingroup$
    @Roman Level[arr, -2]` should be a rectangular array but rows do not need to be the same.
    $endgroup$
    – Kuba♦
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Kuba maybe you can come up with a recursion that constructs the result from the list of rules I gave 4 lines up? That would be a handy tool to have in any case.
    $endgroup$
    – Roman
    5 hours ago
















$begingroup$
Not a solution, but Flatten[MapIndexed[RotateRight[#2] -> #1 &, arr, -1]] gives you a list of rules of what needs to be constructed. I don't know of a way to construct it though: SparseArray does not construct ragged structures.
$endgroup$
– Roman
5 hours ago




$begingroup$
Not a solution, but Flatten[MapIndexed[RotateRight[#2] -> #1 &, arr, -1]] gives you a list of rules of what needs to be constructed. I don't know of a way to construct it though: SparseArray does not construct ragged structures.
$endgroup$
– Roman
5 hours ago












$begingroup$
Maybe something along the lines of arr /. a,b->a,a,b->b? Or perhaps more generally, arr /. a_?VectorQ :> First@a, a_?VectorQ :> Last@a?
$endgroup$
– Carl Woll
5 hours ago





$begingroup$
Maybe something along the lines of arr /. a,b->a,a,b->b? Or perhaps more generally, arr /. a_?VectorQ :> First@a, a_?VectorQ :> Last@a?
$endgroup$
– Carl Woll
5 hours ago













$begingroup$
Does your list always contain a,b at the lowest level, or can there be anything there as long as they're all of same length?
$endgroup$
– Roman
5 hours ago





$begingroup$
Does your list always contain a,b at the lowest level, or can there be anything there as long as they're all of same length?
$endgroup$
– Roman
5 hours ago













$begingroup$
@Roman Level[arr, -2]` should be a rectangular array but rows do not need to be the same.
$endgroup$
– Kuba♦
5 hours ago




$begingroup$
@Roman Level[arr, -2]` should be a rectangular array but rows do not need to be the same.
$endgroup$
– Kuba♦
5 hours ago












$begingroup$
@Kuba maybe you can come up with a recursion that constructs the result from the list of rules I gave 4 lines up? That would be a handy tool to have in any case.
$endgroup$
– Roman
5 hours ago





$begingroup$
@Kuba maybe you can come up with a recursion that constructs the result from the list of rules I gave 4 lines up? That would be a handy tool to have in any case.
$endgroup$
– Roman
5 hours ago











3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















8












$begingroup$

arr = a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b;

SetAttributes[f1, Listable]
Apply[f1, arr, 0, -3] /. f1 -> List



a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b







share|improve this answer









$endgroup$




















    3












    $begingroup$

    This is what the list at the lowest level looks like:



    el = First@Level[list, -2];


    Using this, we can solve it with a rules-based approach:



    list /. el -> # & /@ el


    or a recursive approach like this:



    walk[lists : __List, i_] := walk[#, i] & /@ lists
    walk[atoms : __, i_] := i
    walk[list, #] & /@ el





    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$




















      1












      $begingroup$

      Terrible solution using Table but works:



      Table[Map[#[[i]] &, arr, -2], i, Last[Dimensions[Level[arr, -2]]]]





      share|improve this answer









      $endgroup$













        Your Answer





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        3 Answers
        3






        active

        oldest

        votes








        3 Answers
        3






        active

        oldest

        votes









        active

        oldest

        votes






        active

        oldest

        votes









        8












        $begingroup$

        arr = a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b;

        SetAttributes[f1, Listable]
        Apply[f1, arr, 0, -3] /. f1 -> List



        a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b







        share|improve this answer









        $endgroup$

















          8












          $begingroup$

          arr = a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b;

          SetAttributes[f1, Listable]
          Apply[f1, arr, 0, -3] /. f1 -> List



          a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b







          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$















            8












            8








            8





            $begingroup$

            arr = a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b;

            SetAttributes[f1, Listable]
            Apply[f1, arr, 0, -3] /. f1 -> List



            a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b







            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            arr = a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b, a, b;

            SetAttributes[f1, Listable]
            Apply[f1, arr, 0, -3] /. f1 -> List



            a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b








            share|improve this answer












            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer










            answered 5 hours ago









            andre314andre314

            12.3k12352




            12.3k12352





















                3












                $begingroup$

                This is what the list at the lowest level looks like:



                el = First@Level[list, -2];


                Using this, we can solve it with a rules-based approach:



                list /. el -> # & /@ el


                or a recursive approach like this:



                walk[lists : __List, i_] := walk[#, i] & /@ lists
                walk[atoms : __, i_] := i
                walk[list, #] & /@ el





                share|improve this answer









                $endgroup$

















                  3












                  $begingroup$

                  This is what the list at the lowest level looks like:



                  el = First@Level[list, -2];


                  Using this, we can solve it with a rules-based approach:



                  list /. el -> # & /@ el


                  or a recursive approach like this:



                  walk[lists : __List, i_] := walk[#, i] & /@ lists
                  walk[atoms : __, i_] := i
                  walk[list, #] & /@ el





                  share|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$















                    3












                    3








                    3





                    $begingroup$

                    This is what the list at the lowest level looks like:



                    el = First@Level[list, -2];


                    Using this, we can solve it with a rules-based approach:



                    list /. el -> # & /@ el


                    or a recursive approach like this:



                    walk[lists : __List, i_] := walk[#, i] & /@ lists
                    walk[atoms : __, i_] := i
                    walk[list, #] & /@ el





                    share|improve this answer









                    $endgroup$



                    This is what the list at the lowest level looks like:



                    el = First@Level[list, -2];


                    Using this, we can solve it with a rules-based approach:



                    list /. el -> # & /@ el


                    or a recursive approach like this:



                    walk[lists : __List, i_] := walk[#, i] & /@ lists
                    walk[atoms : __, i_] := i
                    walk[list, #] & /@ el






                    share|improve this answer












                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer










                    answered 5 hours ago









                    C. E.C. E.

                    50.9k399205




                    50.9k399205





















                        1












                        $begingroup$

                        Terrible solution using Table but works:



                        Table[Map[#[[i]] &, arr, -2], i, Last[Dimensions[Level[arr, -2]]]]





                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$

















                          1












                          $begingroup$

                          Terrible solution using Table but works:



                          Table[Map[#[[i]] &, arr, -2], i, Last[Dimensions[Level[arr, -2]]]]





                          share|improve this answer









                          $endgroup$















                            1












                            1








                            1





                            $begingroup$

                            Terrible solution using Table but works:



                            Table[Map[#[[i]] &, arr, -2], i, Last[Dimensions[Level[arr, -2]]]]





                            share|improve this answer









                            $endgroup$



                            Terrible solution using Table but works:



                            Table[Map[#[[i]] &, arr, -2], i, Last[Dimensions[Level[arr, -2]]]]






                            share|improve this answer












                            share|improve this answer



                            share|improve this answer










                            answered 4 hours ago









                            RomanRoman

                            3,9761022




                            3,9761022



























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                                History of India Contents Prehistoric era (until c. 3300 BCE) Bronze Age – "First urbanisation" (c. 3300 – c. 1800 BCE) Climate change, de-urbanisation, and Indo-Aryan migrations (c.1800 – 1500 BCE) Iron Age - Vedic period (c. 1500 – c. 600 BCE) "Second urbanisation" (c. 600 – c. 200 BCE) Classical to early medieval periods (c. 200 BCE – c. 1200 CE) Late medieval period (c. 1200 – 1526 CE) Early modern period (c. 1526–1858 CE) Modern period and independence (after c. 1850 CE) Historiography See also References Further reading External links Navigation menureviewedee[update]The crisisThe Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and GeneticsThe Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society"Indus River Valley Civilizations"The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society"India before the British: The Mughal Empire and its Rivals, 1526–1857"Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence, 1600–1850Development Centre Studies The World Economy Historical Statistics: Historical StatisticsDeveloping cultures: case studiesEthnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia"Indian Economy During British Rule""Economic Impact of the British Rule in India | Indian History"The Bone Readers: Science and Politics in Human Origins Research"Out of Africa: new hypotheses and evidence for the dispersal of Homo sapiens along the Indian Ocean rim"10.3109/0301446100363924920334598"Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia"2013PNAS..11010699M10.1073/pnas.1306043110369678523754394"Edakkal Caves|Places Around in Wayanad"Protecting megaliths to keep history alive The Hindu daily"Archaeologists rock solid behind Edakkal Cave"The Global Prehistory of Human Migration"Indus Valley 2,000 years older than thought"the original"Stepwells -Cosmology of Subterranean Architecture as seen in Adalaj"A History of Ancient and Early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century"Stone celts in Harappa"the original"Peoples and languages in pre-islamic Indus valley"the original"The Sindhi language"the originalThe Aryan chromosome"Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan Civilization"2012PNAS..109E1688G10.1073/pnas.1112743109338705422645375"Is River Ghaggar, Saraswati? Geochemical Constraints""An Ancient Civilization, Upended by Climate Change""Huge Ancient Civilization's Collapse Explained"2003GeoRL..30.1425S10.1029/2002GL0168222006QSRv...25.1283M10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.0122011QuInt.229..140M10.1016/j.quaint.2009.11.012Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough JourneyA History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th CenturyA History of Ancient and Mediaeval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th CenturyAntennae SwordA History of IndiaA History of IndiaAn Introduction to Hinduism"India: The Late 2nd Millennium and the Reemergence of Urbanism"The Coinage of Ancient IndiaA Sanskrit reader: with vocabulary and notesPedigree: the origins of words from nature"Early Sanskritization. Origins and Development of the Kuru State"10.11588/ejvs.1995.4.823The Sanskrit epics, Part 2The City in South AsiaThe UpanishadsAn Introduction to HinduismReligions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and PracticesA History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th CenturyEarly India: From the Origins to AD 1300Republics in ancient Indiapp. 83ff"Magadha Empire""Lumbini Development Trust: Restoring the Lumbini Garden"the originalThe great armies of antiquityarchived"The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)""East–West Orientation of Historical Empires"1076-156X"Dinner on the Grand Trunk Road"10.2307/32502263250226"Silappathikaram Tamil Literature"the originalManimekalai – English transliteration of Tamil originalIndian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th CenturiesBuddhist ArchitectureA History of India"The World Economy (GDP) : Historical Statistics by Professor Angus Maddison"The World Economy – Volume 1: A Millennial Perspective and Volume 2: Historical Statistics10.2307/32502140004-36483250214A Comprehensive History of India: Volume 2Between the Empires: Society in India, 300 to 400Emergence of Viṣṇu and Śiva Images in India: Numismatic and Sculptural Evidence"Parthian Pair of Earrings"the originalThe Medical Times and Gazette, Volume 1Greatest emporium in the worldThe Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BCBuddhist Records of the Western WorldArchaeology in Soviet Central AsiaThe Grandeur of Gandhara: The Ancient Buddhist Civilization of the Swat, Peshawar, Kabul and Indus ValleysIndian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700"The History of Pakistan: The Kushans"Gupta Dynasty – MSN Encartathe original"India – Historical Setting – The Classical Age – Gupta and Harsha""Gupta Dynasty, Golden Age Of India"the original"The Age of the Guptas and After"the originalNumber Theory and Its History"Gupta dynasty (Indian dynasty)""Gupta dynasty: empire in 4th century"the original"The Story of India – Photo Gallery"The ASI say499315420"Pallava script"p. 145"CNG: eAuction 329. INDIA, Post-Gupta (Ganges Valley). Vardhanas of Thanesar and Kanauj. Harshavardhana. Circa AD 606–647. AR Drachm (13mm, 2.28 g, 1h)""Harsha""Sthanvishvara (historical region, India)""Harsha (Indian emperor)"Shyama Kumar Chattopadhyaya (2000) The Philosophy of Sankar's Advaita VedantaShankara's IntroductionShankara's Introduction19373677Shankara's IntroductionIs The Buddhist 'No-Self' Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?The Seven Spiritual Laws Of YogaIndia: The Ancient Past. A History of the Indian-Subcontinent from 7000 BC to AD 1200The Kashmir Series: Glimpses of Kashmiri Culture – Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari (p. 57).Al-Hind: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th CenturiesHistory of GopāchalaLand of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to MujibEuropean Trade and Colonial ConquestA History of IndiaA Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set)"The Last Years of Cholas: The decline and fall of a dynasty"the originalFascinating Hindutva: Saffron Politics and Dalit MobilisationGazetteer of the province of OudhAl- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2"Shahi Family"The Cambridge history of Islam"Ameer Nasir-ood-deen Subooktugeen"Gazetteer of the Attock District, 1930, Part 1Land of seven rivers: History of India's GeographyTemple Desecration and Indo-Muslim StatesIslam in South Asia: A Short HistoryBeyond Orientalism: The Work of Wilhelm Halbfass and Its Impact on Indian and Cross-cultural StudiesThe Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of ExtremismOrnament in Indian ArchitectureA historical review of Hindu India: 300 B.C. to 1200 A.D."Indian States and Union Territories"Islam in South Asia: A Short HistoryA Brief History of the Indian PeoplesThe Modern ReviewDelhi Sultanate"Battuta's Travels: Delhi, capital of Muslim India"the original"Timur – conquest of India"the originalIndia HandbookBhaktiThe Four Denomination of Hinduism10.1007/s11407-008-9049-925691067"Vijayanagara Research Project::Elephant Stables"10.2307/26465262646526Historical Dictionary of the TamilsBihar General Knowledge DigestMapping Bihar: From Medieval to Modern TimesPopular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South AsiaA manual of the Kistna district in the presidency of MadrasAncient Indian History and CivilizationFragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India"The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)"the originalDynasties: A Global History of Power, 1300–1800, p. 105"Whose fort is it anyway"10.1111/0020-8833.000532600793Development Centre Studies The World Economy Historical Statistics: Historical Statistics"India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries"The Mughal Empire, p. 190"The Long Globalization and Textile Producers in India"The Mughal World: Life in India's Last Golden AgeAurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial KingIn the Shadow of the Taj: A Portrait of Agra"Iran in the Age of the Raj"p. 8610.2307/20539802053980Delhi, the Capital of IndiaAn Advanced History of Modern India"Journal of the Tanjore Maharaja Serfoji's Sarasvati Mahal Library"The Rediscovery of India: A New SubcontinentIslamic Renaissance In South Asia (1707–1867) : The Role Of Shah Waliallah & His SuccessorsAn Advanced History of Modern IndiaThe Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia"Full text of "Selections from the papers of Lord Metcalfe; late governor-general of India, governor of Jamaica, and governor-general of Canada""The Discovery Of IndiaThe Sacred City of the Hindus: An Account of Benares in Ancient and Modern TimesResurrecting Banaras: Urban Space, Architecture and Religious BoundariesFaith & Philosophy of Sikhism"Missiles mainstay of Pak's N-arsenal"History Modern India By S.N. Sen"Sirajuddaula"ArchivedLongman History & Civics (Dual Government in Bengal)Madhya Pradesh National Means-Cum-Merit Scholarship Exam (Warren Hasting's system of Dual Government)A Military History of Britain: from 1775 to the PresentIndian Cultural Heritage Perspective For TourismHindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of KashmirIndian HistoryAn Atlas and Survey of South Asian HistoryAn Historical Account of the British Trade Over the Caspian SeaIndian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600–1750The Indian diaspora in Central Asia and its trade, 1550–1900From Constantinople to the home of Omar Khayyam: travels in Transcaucasia and northern Persia for historic and literary researchA journey from Bengal to England: through the northern part of India, Kashmire, Afghanistan, and Persia, and into Russia, by the Caspian-SeaA Second Journey through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, between the Years 1810 and 1816Reports from the consuls of the United States, 1887Portugal and its Empire, 1250–1800 (Collected Essays in Memory of Glenn J. Ames).: Portuguese Studies Review, Vol. 17, No. 1The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729–1758http://mod.nic.inArchivedDossier Goa – A Recusa do Sacrifício InútilAn Imperial Crisis in British India: The Manipur Uprising of 1891The Truth of Babri Mosque"Kolkata (Calcutta) : History"the original"Robert Clive, Baron Clive, 'Clive of India', 1725–1774""The Transformation from a Pre-Colonial to a Colonial Order: The Case of India"10.2307/25955872595587A versatile geniusArchived10.1109/MWSYM.1997.602854"Rabindranath Tagore on Education"the original"Essay on 'Derozio and the Young Bengal Movement'"Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation"Plague"the originalPopulation Growth and Land Use"Reintegrating India with the World Economy""Census Of India 1931"A history of modern India, 1480–1950"'India's well-timed diversification of army helped democracy' | Business Standard News"Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Struggle for Swaraj"Participants from the Indian subcontinent in the First World War""Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2007–2008 Online"the original1462689197110.1017/s0010417500016534178920Eurocentrism: a marxian critical realist critique"Ranjit Guha, "On Some Aspects of Historiography of Colonial India""10.2307/2168385216838510.7202/016593ar"Harvard scholar says the idea of India dates to a much earlier time than the British or the Mughals""In The Footsteps of Pilgrims""India's spiritual landscape: The heavens and the earth""India: A Sacred Geography by Diana L Eck – review"Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy10.2307/21694222169422964322464"The Indian Subcontinent and 'Out of Africa 1'"254043308Encyclopedia of World ReligionsThe Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics"The Early Paleolithic of the Indian Subcontinent: Hominin Colonization, Dispersals and Occupation History"Ancient Indian History and CivilizationAncient Indian Social History: Some Interpretationsthe originalIndia Before EuropeA Concise History of Modern India"The beginning of the historical period, c. 500–150 BCE"full textA History of Indiathe originalexcerpt and text searchexcerptexcerptAn Economic History of India: From Pre-Colonial Times to 1991excerpt and text searchexcerpt and text searchIndia as known to the ancient world10.1111/j.1468-0289.1985.tb00391.x2597191onlineThe History of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan Periodonline editionHans William Brown research collection on 19th-century missionary work in India, 1882–1932, Ms. Coll. 1033, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvaniaee

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                                AfghanistanArmeniaAzerbaijanBahrainBangladeshBhutanBruneiCambodiaChinaCyprusEast Timor (Timor-Leste)EgyptGeorgiaIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelJapanJordanKazakhstanNorth KoreaSouth KoreaKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLebanonMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaMyanmarNepalOmanPakistanPhilippinesQatarRussiaSaudi ArabiaSingaporeSri LankaSyriaTajikistanThailandTurkeyTurkmenistanUnited Arab EmiratesUzbekistanVietnamYemenBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryChristmas IslandCocos (Keeling) IslandsHong KongMacau History of IndiaHistory of South Asia Anatomically modern humansfarmingpastoralismwheatbarleygoats, sheep, and cattleIndus Valley Civilizationcradle of civilisationMature Harappanhandicraftcarnelian productsseal carvingmetallurgyurban planningbaked brick housesdrainage systemswater supply systemsIron AgeVedic Civilisationpersistent droughtIndo-Aryan tribeswaves of Aryan migrationVedic periodVedasHinduismJanapadas (monarchical, state-level polities)casteBrahminsKshatriyasVaishyasShudrasIndo-Gangetic plainMahajanapadas ...
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