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Formatos de ficheiroNormas ISO


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PDF (Portable Document Format, Formato de Documento Portábel) é un formato de ficheiro aberto creado por Adobe Systems para crear documentos impresos como se se tratase dunha imaxe electrónica que o usuario pode observala no PC, imprimila etc empregando un programa lector apropiado. O fundamental deste formato é que o aspecto dos documentos é independente do dispositivo electrónico no que se visualice. O lector máis coñecido é o Adobe Reader. Emprégase cando se quere conservar un documento cunha aparencia determinada e non se pretende que se vaia editar.


Cada ficheiro PDF inclúe unha descrición completa dun documento en 2D (e, co novo Acrobat 3D, tamén documentos 3D, que inclúe o texto, fontes, imaxes e gráficos vectoriais en 2D que compoñen o documento.


Este formato creouse en 1993. Porén, a aceptación non foi inmediata, xa que a única aplicación informática que os podía crear, Adobe Acrobat, era cara e as primeiras versións non podían empregar ligazóns externas, o que reducía a súa utilidade na web. Existían tamén outros formatos, como PostScript, tamén da Adobe. Esta comezou a distribuír gratuitamente o lector Acrobat Reader (actualmente Adobe Reader) e continuou a apoiar este formato ata que se converteu no standard de facto dos documentos preparados para imprimir.



Tecnoloxía |


Adobe Systems conserva moitas patentes relacionadas co PDF, pero permite o seu uso sen cargo para a creación de software que siga a súa especificación. Un exemplo notorio é o paquete de ofimática OpenOffice.org.


PDF é fundamentalmente a combinación de tres tecnoloxías:


  • Un subconxunto da linguaxe de programación de páxina PostScript para xerar a disposición dos elementos e os gráficos.

  • Un sistema de inclusión e substitución de tipografías que permite que as tipografías acompañen os documentos.

  • Un sistema de almacenamento estruturado para xuntar estes elementos e calquera contido asociado nun ficheiro único que tamén se pode comprimir.

Existen varios subconxuntos de PDF, algúns dos cales constitúen un standard ISO:



  • PDF/X para a impresión e as artes gráficas (ISO 15930 e ISO TC130)


  • PDF/A para o arquivo de empresas, gobernos, bibliotecas etc. (ISO 19005 e ISO TC171)


  • PDF/E para o intercambio de gráficos de enxeñaría (ISO TC171)


  • PDF/UA para ficheiros PDF accesíbeis universalmente



Control de autoridades

  • Wd: Q42332

  • AAT: 300266022

  • EBID: ID

  • GND: 4523240-4

  • PRONOM: 1129




Traído desde "https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PDF&oldid=4344127"










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