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Cuarta Idade e posteriores Índice Homes | Elfos | Ananos | Outros | A Irmandade | Séculos posteriores | Idades posteriores | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegaciónThe Chronology of Middle-earth (article from Mallorn 42)The Encyclopedia of ArdaFourth AgeThe Chronology of Middle-earth (article from Mallorn 42)The Fourth Age: Total War- a Rome: Total War total conversion

Historia de Arda


Anos das LámpadasAnos das ÁrboresAnos do SolPrimeira IdadeSegunda IdadeTerceira IdadeCuarta Idade e posterioreslegendariumJ. R. R. TolkienArdaTerceira IdadeSauronAnel DominanteTerra MediaValinorO Regreso do ReiElessarEldarionHomes do LesteHaradrimÉomerEorlElessarHaradSauronMordorMar de NúrnenRohanEsgarothComarcaGhân-buri-GhânDol GuldurGuerra do AnelelfosBosque EscuroThranduilEryn LasgalenThranduilOestePortos GrisesLindonCírdanLegolasIthilienAnanosEreborGimliAglarondKhazad-dûmMinas TirithDurin o DerradeiroOrcosTrollsEntsBosque de FangornBárboreIrmandade do AnelSamsagaz GamllíArwenValinorCírdanMeriadoc BrandigamoPeregrin TucRath DínenGimliGaladrielThe Tolkien Society25 de marzo26 de decembro24 de decembro18 de marzo












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Arda.Tengwar.svg A Historia de Arda

Anos Valianos

Anos das Lámpadas
Anos das Árbores
Anos do Sol



Idades dos Fillos de Ilúvatar

Primeira Idade
Segunda Idade
Terceira Idade
Cuarta Idade e posteriores




Batalla Final

Liña Temporal de Arda

A Cuarta Idade e as idades seguintes son períodos temporais do legendarium de J. R. R. Tolkien, descritos na súa obra de fantasía. Posto que a meirande parte do seu traballo sobre o mundo fantástico de Arda trata acerca de idades anteriores, hai relativamente pouco material referente ás idades que seguen á Terceira Idade.


A Cuarta Idade comezou após a derrota de Sauron e a destrución do seu Anel Dominante, cando os Portadores do Anel partiron da Terra Media cara a Valinor.[1]


Os Apéndices d'O Regreso do Rei recollen algúns dos eventos ocorridos durante os primeiros séculos da Cuarta Idade, reproducidos a continuación.




Índice





  • 1 Homes


  • 2 Elfos


  • 3 Ananos


  • 4 Outros


  • 5 A Irmandade


  • 6 Séculos posteriores


  • 7 Idades posteriores

    • 7.1 Especulacións acerca das idades posteriores



  • 8 Notas


  • 9 Véxase tamén

    • 9.1 Ligazóns externas





Homes |


Os reinos dos Homes prosperaron, xa que os reunificados reinos Númenoreanos no exilio (na forma do Reino Unificado de Gondor e Arnor) se recuperaron por completo baixo o reinado de Elessar e máis tarde Eldarion. Fíxose a paz de maneira permanente cos antigos homes inimigos: ao menos algúns Homes do Leste e Haradrim pasaron a ser aliados ou a formar parte do Reino Unificado; nos apéndices dise que Éomer cumpriu o xuramento de Eorl, cabalgando con Elessar á guerra nas chairas de Harad e alén do mar de Rhûn, así que a loita continuou polo menos contra algúns dos Homes que se aliaran con Sauron no pasado. Moitos antigos escravos de Sauron foron liberados, e concedéronselles terras en Mordor ao redor do Mar de Núrnen. Os reinos aliados como Rohan e Esgaroth tamén prosperaron, ao igual que os enclaves protexidos da Comarca e os Drúedain de Ghân-buri-Ghân.



Elfos |


Logo de rexeitaren tres grandes asaltos de Dol Guldur durante a Guerra do Anel, os elfos de Lórien conseguiron liberar o Bosque Escuro de todo mal (que habitaba na súa meirande parte en Dol Guldur). Dise tamén que Celeborn guiou moitos barcos de elfos, prontos para a batalla, augas abaixo do río Anduin e atacou Dol Guldur, pois a mesma Galadriel derrubou os seus muros e deixou ao descuberto os seus foxos; e así foi purificada a fraga. Máis tarde, Celeborn e Thranduil encontráronse no medio da fraga e déronlle o nome de Eryn Lasgalen. Semella que os reinos silvanos de Eryn Lasgalen (o reino de Thranduil e o Lórien do Leste de Celeborn) expandéronse en certa medida, aínda que unha grande parte da súa poboación marchou gradualmente cara ao Oeste. Os Portos Grises, e con eles o resto de Lindon, foron abandonados, agás por Círdan e outros poucos, que ficaron atrás. Ao menos durante un tempo, Legolas gobernou unha colonia élfica fundada en Ithilien.



Ananos |


Os Ananos da Xente de Durin prosperaron en Erebor, e hai indicios de que Gimli guiou un grupo de ananos a Aglarond. Enviáronse expedicións mineiras a Khazad-dûm, onde se volveu extraer mithril, empregado para restaurar as portas de Minas Tirith, mais Khazad-dûm non volveu ser colonizado inmediatamente. Porén seica un tal Durin o Derradeiro reconstruíu máis tarde este Reino Anano, devolvendo así o seu ancestral lar á Xente de Durin. Semella que a raza dos Ananos comezou a esmorecer contra a fin da Cuarta Idade, pois as súas mulleres supuñan menos dun terzo da súa poboación. A miúdo as mulleres arelaban un marido que non podían ter, polo que non casaban. Do mesmo xeito, moitos homes Ananos estaban atarefados de máis coas súas artes e non tiñan tempo de tomar unha esposa e ter nenos. O seu destino definitivo é confuso.



Outros |


Os Orcos e os Trolls fuxiron cara ao leste e non se volveron recuperar nunca. Ou ben durante o goberno de Eldarion ou contra a fin do de Aragorn, existiu o rumor de "Cultos orcos", mais semella que foron iniciados e estendidos por humanos.[2]


Disque os Ents nunca volveron atopar as Mullerents. Aragorn outorgoulles o Bosque de Fangorn e deulles permiso para volver espallar a fraga cara ao oeste e os vastos ermos de Eriador, onde se estendera unha vez unha enorme fraga primixenia, mais Bárbore lamentouse de que aínda que as fragas poderían seguir proliferando, os Ents non o farían. Co tempo foron minguando e un número cada vez maior deles foise tornando "arborento" e deixaron de inmiscirse nos asuntos das demais razas.



A Irmandade |


Dos demais membros da Irmandade do Anel, dise que Samsagaz Gamllí foi elixido alcalde da Comarca, e que foi asesor do Rei Elessar. A súa filla Elanor foi unha das doncelas de Arwen. Crese que cara ao final da súa vida partiu para Valinor nun dos últimos barcos de Círdan.


Meriadoc Brandigamo e Peregrin Tuc convertéronse en Amo de Gamoedo e Thain da Comarca respectivamente, e mantiveron unha estreita amizade coas casas reais de Rohan e Gondor. Na súa idade anciá marcharon xuntos cara a Gondor e Rohan. Ambos morreron ao redor de 64 C.I. e foron soterrados en Rath Dínen.


Disque Legolas acabou construíndo un barco e que se dirixiu ao Oeste. Segundo moitos, Gimli marchou con el (o único Anano en facelo), obviamente polo seu desexo de volver ver a Galadriel.



Séculos posteriores |


A obra escrita de Tolkien só fornece información dos primeiros séculos desta idade, polo que se descoñece cando rematou. Afírmase que a Cuarta Idade foi cando os Homes tomaron posesión da Terra Media, e cando os Elfos comezaron a esmorecer. Así, a Cuarta Idade constitúe o paso da prehistoria fantástica de ficción á historia real da terra.



Idades posteriores |


Tolkien afirmou crer que o tempo transcorrido entre a Terceira Idade e o século XX é de aproximadamente 6.000 anos, e que o ano 1958 debería corresponder á fin da Quinta Idade, considerando que as idades cuarta e quinta tivesen a mesma duración cá segunda e terceira. Porén, nunha carta de 1958 dixo que na súa opinión as Idades pasaran máis rápido, e que nos atopabamos contra a fin da Sexta Idade/comezos da Sétima Idade.[3]



Especulacións acerca das idades posteriores |


Aínda que nun principio Tolkien describiu o mundo da Terra Media como unha prehistoria ficticia da Terra, máis tarde corrixiu lixeiramente este punto de vista, e describiuno como un período mítico dentro da historia da Terra. Esta distinción "mítica" serviulle para desvincular as historias sobre a Terra Media de calquera período temporal concreto e evitar así posíbeis contradición cos feitos da historia real.


Determinar a época da Quinta Idade é importante para aqueles que aplican o calendario de Tolkien ás data actuais. Por exemplo, o número 42 de Mallorn, a publicación de The Tolkien Society (August 2004), contiña un extenso artigo que analizaba todos os datos dispoñíbeis e concluía que os Anos do Sol comezaron o 25 de marzo de 10160 A.C., a Segunda Idade o 26 de decembro de 9564 A.C., a Terceira Idade o 24 de decembro de 6123 A.C., e a Cuarta Idade o 18 de marzo de 3102 A.C. Segundo este esquema, a Quinta Idade equivale ao sistema de datación "despois de Cristo".[4]



Notas |




  1. ↑ Apéndice B d'O Regreso do Rei


  2. ↑ Como se relata en The New Shadow, a secuela abandonada d' O Señor dos Aneis.


  3. ↑ Carpenter, Humphrey, ed. (1981), The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, #211, ISBN 0-395-31555-7


  4. ↑ The Chronology of Middle-earth (article from Mallorn 42)



Véxase tamén |



Ligazóns externas |


  • The Encyclopedia of Arda

  • Fourth Age

  • The Chronology of Middle-earth (article from Mallorn 42)

  • The Fourth Age: Total War- a Rome: Total War total conversion




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