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Lothlórien Índice Nomes | Historia | Xeografía | Legado | Notas | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegaciónlinkThe Independent on Sunday magazine interview. 16, Nov 2003Tolkien Gate Away

Reinos da Terra Media


legendariumJ. R. R. TolkiengalesaélficosTerra MediaSauronQuenyaSindarinRohanOestronPrimeira IdadeEldarGrande MarchaMontañas BretemosasNandorElfos SilvanosGaladrielNoldorinGil-galadTar-AldarionSindarinSindarinAmdírCelebornAnduinEregionGuerra dos Elfos e SauronÚltima Alianza de Elfos e HomesOropherThranduilAmrothEdhellondNimrodelanelMordorValinorCuarta IdadeAmon LancArwenMoriaMontañas BretemosasAnduinSilverlodeS.Caras GaladhonirlandesaEnyaTori AmosIron Crown EnterprisesNenyaElessarMontañas Bretemosas












Lothlórien




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Os altos mellyrn de Lothlórien.


No legendarium de J. R. R. Tolkien, Lothlorien é un nome de inspiración galesa-[1] que designa o máis fermoso dos reinos élficos que quedan na Terra Media.[2]


Este reino desempeña un importante papel n' O Señor dos Aneis[3] como o foco élfico da resistencia contra Sauron, e constitúe todo un símbolo da estética élfica da preservación[4] que ofrece un lugar "fóra do tempo" para os personaxes que viven ou se adentran nel.[5] Mediante Lothlórien, Tolkien harmoniza ideas que doutro xeito serían contraditorias no tocante á distorsión temporal nas terras élficas, provenientes de diversas fontes tradicionais como Thomas the Rhymer (séculos XIII/XIV) e a obra popular dinamarquesa Elverhoj (1828).[6]




Índice





  • 1 Nomes


  • 2 Historia


  • 3 Xeografía


  • 4 Legado

    • 4.1 Influencia


    • 4.2 Adaptacións



  • 5 Notas


  • 6 Notas


  • 7 Véxase tamén

    • 7.1 Ligazóns externas





Nomes |


Tolkien deu moitos nomes diferentes á mesma fraga




















Nome
Significado
Orixe
Lindórinand
Val da Terra dos Cantantes[7]Antigo nome Nandorin da zona
Lórinand
Val de Ouro[8]Nome Nandorin trala introdución das árbores mellyrn
Laurelindórenan
Val do Ouro Cantante[8]Nome Sindarin trala introdución das árbores mellyrn
Lothlórien
A Flor de Soños[9]Nome Sindarin na Terceira Idade
Lórien
Terra de Soños[9]Forma abreviada de Lothlórien que coincide co nome dos Xardíns de Lórien en Aman

A forma Lórinand tamén pasou ao Quenya como Laurenandë e ao Sindarin como Glornan ou Nan Laur, todas co mesmo significado.[8] Entre os demais nomes dados máis tarde a esta terra atópanse o nome Dwimordene dos habitantes de Rohan (de dwimor "pantasma", en alusión á maxia dos elfos), e mais A Fraga de Ouro en Oestron.



Historia |


A comezos da Primeira Idade, algúns dos Eldar abandonaron a Grande Marcha e asentáronse nas terras situadas ao leste das Montañas Bretemosas. Estes elfos pasaron a ser coñecidos como os Nandor e máis tarde como Elfos Silvanos. Para o ano 1200 PI, Galadriel entrara en contacto cun reino Noldorin, Lindórinand, na zona que máis adiante sería coñecida como Lothlórien,[8] e plantou alí as douradas árbores mallorn que Gil-galad recibira como agasallo de parte de Tar-Aldarion.[10]
A cultura e sabedoría dos elfos Silvanos viuse considerabelmente enriquecida coa chegada dos elfos Sindarin que proviñan do oeste das montañas, e mesmo a lingua Silvana foi sendo substituída aos poucos polo Sindarin. Entre os chegados atopábase Amdír, que se converteu no seu primeiro señor, así como Galadriel e mais Celeborn, que tamén cruzaran as montañas e o río Anduin para se uniren aos Nandor do sur logo da destrución de Eregion durante a Guerra dos Elfos e Sauron. Amdír acabou liderando un exército como parte da Última Alianza de Elfos e Homes, ao mesmo tempo que Oropher, outro señor Sindarin, lideraba os Elfos Silvanos do norte na loita contra Sauron. Xa que logo dedúcese que tanto os reinos do bosque do norte e do sur xa foran fundados daquela.


Cando a influencia maligna de Sauron comezou a volver gradualmente á fraga da beira leste do Anduin, os Elfos Silvanos do norte, guiados por Thranduil fillo de Oropher, afastáronse aínda máis cara ao norte, e os do sur volveron cara ao oeste cruzando o Anduin, mais sen o seu derradeiro señor Sindarin, Amroth fillo de Amdír, que partira para Edhellond seguindo os pasos da súa amante Nimrodel.


Máis adiante sóubose que o anel de Galadriel enriquecera a terra preservado a súa flora contra a morte e a corrupción, e ao brandilo creara unha poderosa protección fronte a todas as criaturas malignas: de feito, o único xeito de que Mordor lograse conquistar Lothlórien sería se o propio Sauron acudise persoalmente.


Logo da marcha de Galadriel cara a Valinor a comezos da Cuarta Idade, os elfos de Lothlórien foron gobernados só por Celeborn, que os conduciu a través do Anduin para fundar un novo reino, máis grande, Lórien do Leste, ao redor de Amon Lanc. No momento da morte da Raíña Arwen, Celeborn e a neta de Galadriel's, Lothlórien fora xa abandonado.



Xeografía |


Lothlórien atopábase ao leste de Moria, entre as Montañas Bretemosas e o río Anduin. Á parte dunha pequena faixa de terra boscosa ao sur, o reino atopábase entre os ríos Anduin e Silverlode, na rexión coñecida como o Naith (S. punta de lanza)[11] polos elfos e como Gore en Oestron. A cidade de Caras Galadhon estaba situada na parte máis estreita do Naith, onde confluían os dous ríos, chamada Egladil[12] ou o Ángulo.[13]



Legado |


Lothlórien é un dos lugares máis memorábeis do mundo da ficción, e serviu de inspiración en multitude de obras creativas, que inclúen unha ampla variedade de xogos, curtametraxes e comunidades online. [Cómpre referencia]



Influencia |


O carácter do lugar descrito n' O Señor dos Aneis ten levado a moita xente a porlle o nome "Lothlórien" a propiedades e comunidades de importancia. Este é o caso de:


  • Unha comunidade familiar cristiá no sur de Escocia[14]

  • Un refuxio neopagán en Indiana[15]

  • Unha casa e cooperativa vexetariana na University Students' Cooperative Association (Berkley)[16]

  • A Australian School for Rudolf Steiner Education, Lorien Novalis, que combina os nomes do poeta Novalis e da fraga de Lorien.

A cantante irlandesa Enya compuxo unha canción chamada "Lothlorien" recollida no seu álbum, Shepherd Moons.


A cantautora Tori Amos púxolle á súa filla o nome Natashya Lórien Hawley, en referencia a Lothlórien.[17]



Adaptacións |


Alén de ser a inspiración de lugares do mundo real, Lothlórien ten aparecido representado noutros medios.


Na expansión Lórien and the Halls of the Elven Smiths do xogo de rol Middle-earth Role Playing (Iron Crown Enterprises, 1986), a sociedade de Lórien divídese en varios gremios ou "Glades", cada un especializado nunha arte (como panadaría, confección de tecidos ou caza). O carácter oculto do lugar atribúese ao anel Nenya, e a Elessar, a pedra élfica, obxectos que terían o poder de ralentizar os efectos do tempo. A súa peculiar situación xeográfica, protexida contra as treboadas polas Montañas Bretemosas, e o efecto que as árbores mallorn tiñan sobre o contorno (non perdían as follas, polo que fornecían unha protección constante fronte aos elementos durante todo o ano) tamén influirían cara a esta redución nos efectos do paso das estacións.



Notas |




  1. ↑ Abley, Mark. The Iron of Language, Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages, Houghton Mifflin 2003, p. 259


  2. ↑ Plechowicz,Sue. Classworks Literacy: Year 4 Nelson Thomas, 2004, p142-146


  3. ↑ "A Irmandade do Anel, O Espello de Galadriel


  4. ↑ Matthew T. Dickerson, Jonathan Evans. Ents, Elves, and Eriador: The Environmental Vision of J. R. R. Tolkien University Press of Kentucky 2004


  5. ↑ Flieger, V. (1997): A Question of Time, The Kent State University Press, cap. Over a Bridge of Time


  6. ↑ Shippey, Tom: Tolkien: Author of the Century, Harper Collins, 2000, p.89


  7. ↑ Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth: The History of Galadriel and Celeborn, nota 5


  8. ↑ 8,08,18,28,3 Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth: The History of Galadriel and Celeborn, nota 5


  9. ↑ 9,09,1 Hammond & Scull (2005): The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, London: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-00-720907-X, cap. Lothlórien, páx. 335


  10. ↑ Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth: A Description of Númenor"


  11. ↑ Harv (1987), The Lost Road 1987, Etymologies, SNAS


  12. ↑ Salo, David (2004), A Gateway to Sindarin, University of Utah Press, ISBN 0-87480-800-6


  13. ↑ A Irmandade do Anel: O Espello de Galadriel"


  14. ↑ Ryan, Eilish. Rosemary Haughton: Witness to Hope p.54 1997 Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 1-55612-860-6


  15. ↑ Blain, Jenny et al. Researching Paganisms p.98, 2004, Rowman Altamira, ISBN 0-7591-0523-5


  16. ↑ Brenneman, Richard Judge Orders Hearing for Suit Against UC, (01-12-07) Berkeley Daily Planet,link


  17. ↑ The Independent on Sunday magazine interview. 16, Nov 2003



Notas |


  • Stanton, M., Michael D. C. Drout (ed), 2006: J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment, Routledge, isbn = 0-415-96942-5; cap. Lothlórien, pp. 394–395.


Véxase tamén |



Ligazóns externas |



  • Tolkien Gate Away (en inglés)



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