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Guerra de Iraq Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegación"Estados Unidos cerra a guerra con Iraq - Clarín.com"Estados Unidos vaise de IraqArquivado10 años de la invasión IraqArquivadoUS names 'coalition of the willing'"Private contractors outnumber U.S. troops in Iraq""Contractor deaths add up in Iraq""U.S. says Iranians train Iraqi insurgents,"A Dark Side to Iraq 'Awakening' Groups"Turkey launches major land offensive into N.Iraq"Iraq Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-Saddam IraqArquivado"Saudis reportedly funding insurgents""Intensified Combat on Streets Likely""Violence in Iraq Called Increasingly Complex"http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3E14DD15-F2D1-4C65-8148-5200DFB3E975.htmOperations in Iraq: British Fatalities"DBA CUMULATIVE REPORT BY NATION (09/01/2001 - 3/31/2010)""Copia arquivada"o orixinalArquivadoArquivadoArquivadoArquivadoArquivadowww.iraqbodycount"Operation Iraqi Freedom""Fact Sheets""Saudi King Condemns U.S. Occupation of Iraq""US Names Coalition of the Willing"President Bush Outlines Iraqi ThreatPiecing together the story of the weapons that weren't"In Their Own Words: Iraq's 'Imminent' Threat""A CIA Analyst on Forging Intelligence -- Whose Deliberate Disinformation?""Iraq Survey Group Final Report: Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)""The Weekly Standard, Saddam's al Qaeda Connection""Saddam and Terrorism: Emerging Insights from Captured Iraqi Documents," vol. 1"Intelligence and Analysis on Iraq: Issues for the Intelligence Community,""White House spells out case against Iraq""Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz Press Availability in Singapore,""President Discusses the Future of Iraq""Wolfowitz: Iraq war was about oil,"Arquivadowas retracted"In Iraqi War Scenario, Oil Is Key Issue"Arquivado"Roundtable debates energy issues"Arquivado"Gates denies Iraq war about oil"o orixinalPM denies Iraq oil linkBlair: Iraq oil claim is 'conspiracy theory'U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates, 2 Feb 2007"CBS on civil war""UK. Spending on War in Iraq, Afghanistan Rises to $16 Bln (December 2006)"Iraq war hits U.S. economy: Nobel winnerBritain's Brown visits officials, troops in Iraq.Italy plans Iraq troop pull-out23297ID4731075-3sh200300305900968613D054542Traballa nel

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Guerra de Iraq




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Guerra de Iraq
Parte de Guerra contra o terrorismo

Iraq header 2.jpg
Comezando pola parte superior esquerda: patrulla conxunta en Samarra; derrubamento da estatua de Saddam Hussein na praza Firdos, soldado do exército iraquí prepara o seu rifle durante un asalto no sur de Bagdad.







Data

20 de marzo de 2003 - 18 de decembro de 2011[1]
Lugar

Iraq
Resultado
Retirada das tropas estadounidenses.[2]
  • Vitoria aliada na invasión de Iraq de 2003.

  • Ocupación de Iraq.

  • Formación dun goberno provisional.

  • Derrocamento do goberno do Partido Baath e a execución de Saddam Hussein.

  • Xuízos dos funcionarios baathistas por crimes contra a humanidade.

  • Crise humanitaria con abusos de dereitos humanos, vítimas civís e refuxiados.

  • Destrución e roubo dalgunhas pezas arqueolóxicas.

  • Insurxencia iraquí e comezo da guerra civil.

  • Danos nas infraestruturas.


  • Privatización dos servizos iraquís.

  • Ratificación dunha nova constitución democrática.

  • Elección dun goberno democrático.

  • Operacións de Al Qaeda en Iraq.

  • Operacións de combate militar concluídas.

  • Ocupación militar.

  • Inestabilidade política e continuación da violencia sectaria após da retirada militar estadounidense.[3]

Belixerantes

MultinationalForce-IraqDUI.svgCoalición multinacional en Iraq
Flag of the United States.svg Estados Unidos
Flag of Kurdistan.svg Peshmergas curdos
Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq (Dende 2006)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Reino Unido
Australia Australia
Polonia Polonia
Dinamarca Dinamarca
Italia Italia
Flag of Romania.svg Romanía
Ucraína Ucraína
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Países Baixos
España España
Bulgaria Bulgaria
Flag of Japan.svg Xapón
Flag of Georgia.svg Xeorxia
Flag of Dominica.svg República Dominicana
(Máis os países restantes da coalición)[4]

Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq (baixo Saddam Hussein)
Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg Baathistas iraquís
Flag of Iraq.svg Resistencia iraquí
Flag of Jihad.svg Exército de al-Mahdi
Flag of Jihad.svg Muyahidínes
Flag of Iraq.svg Partido Comunista Iraquí
Flag of Jihad.svg Fedayínes
Flag of Iraq.svg Organización dos muyahidines do pobo iraniano
Líderes

Flag of the United States.svg George W. Bush
Flag of the United States.svg Barack Obama
Flag of the United States.svg Richard B. Myers
Flag of the United States.svg Peter Pace
Flag of the United States.svg Michael Mullen
Flag of the United States.svg Paul Bremer
Flag of the United States.svg Jay Garner
Flag of the United States.svg Tommy Franks
Flag of the United States.svg John P. Abizaid
Flag of the United States.svg Ricardo S. Sánchez
Flag of the United States.svg William J. Fallon
Flag of the United States.svg Martin Dempsey
Flag of the United States.svg James Mattis
Flag of the United States.svg George Casey
Flag of the United States.svg David Petraeus
Flag of the United States.svg John R. Allen
Flag of the United States.svg Raymond T. Odierno
Flag of the United States.svg David D. McKiernan
Flag of the United States.svg Lloyd Austin
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Tony Blair
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Gordon Brown
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg David Cameron
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Richard Shirreff
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Jim Dutton
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andy Salmon
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg John Cooper
Australia John Howard
Australia Kevin Rudd
España José María Aznar
España Alfredo C. Torres
España Fulgencio Coll
España José Manuel Muñoz
Italia Silvio Berlusconi
Italia Romano Prodi
Polonia Andrzej Tyszkiewicz
Flag of Iraq.svg Nuri al-Maliki
Flag of Iraq.svg Iyad Allawi
Flag of Iraq.svg Jalal Talabani
Flag of Iraq.svg Ibrahim al-Jaafari
Flag of Iraq.svg Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer

Flag of Iraq.svg Saddam Hussein†
Flag of Iraq.svg Qusay Hussein †
Flag of Iraq.svg Uday Hussein †
Flag of Iraq.svg Ali Hassan al-Mayid†
Flag of Iraq.svg Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti †
Flag of Iraq.svg Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
Flag of Iraq.svg Jasili Ibrhama
Flag of Jihad.svg Muqtada al-Sadr
Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg Abu Musab al-Zarqawi †
Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg Abu Ayyub al-Masri†
Forzas en combate

Coalición
~300.000 invasión
176.000 (2004-2009)
Contratistas*
~182.000 (118.000 Iraquís, 43.000 Outros, 21.000 estadounidenses)[5][6]
Peshmerga
50.000 invasión
Novo exército iraquí
125.000
Policía iraquí
227.000[7]
Milicias
15.000-30.000 voluntarios civís[8]

Flag of Turkey.svg Turquía~8.000[9]



Iraquís (baixo Saddam Hussein):
375.000 forzas regulares.

Goberno post-Baaz, conflito multilateral:
Resistencia iraquí
~72.000[10]
Exército Mahdi
~64.000[11][12]
al Qaeda/Mercenarios
3.300[13]



Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party.svg PKK: ~6.000[14]


Baixas

Coalición
Flag of the United States.svg 4.486[15]Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 179[16]
Outros: 139
TOTAL: 4.804
Feridos militares:
Flag of the United States.svg 32.200[15]Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 315[17]
Mortos contratistas:
Flag of the United States.svg: 1.471[18]Flag of the United Kingdom.svg: 743[17]

Mortos militares:
7.600 - 10.800 (invasión de 2003)[19][20]
Mortos milicianos: 21.221- 26.405[21]
Total de mortos: 28.736-37.120
Mortos civís: 100.000[22]

A Guerra de Iraq, tamén coñecida como Segunda Guerra do Golfo ou Operación Liberdade Iraquí en Estados Unidos,[23]Operación Telic no Reino Unido[24] e, noutros ámbitos, ocupación de Iraq,[25] foi un conflito que comezou o xoves 20 de marzo de 2003 e rematou o domingo 18 de decembro de 2011.[2] Tras finalizala guerra, deuse paso a unha operación de adestramento das tropas iraquís para combater a insurxencia e o terrorismo. Esta operación deuse a coñecer como Operación Novo Amencer,[26] e representa a continuación da guerra de Iraq, que se inicia ó organizar os Estados Unidos unha coalición multinacional para a invasión de Iraq, estando composta por unidades das forzas armadas dos propios Estados Unidos, o Reino Unido e continxentes menores de España, Australia, Dinamarca, Polonia e outros Estados.[27]


A principal xustificación para esta operación que ofreceron o Presidente dos Estados Unidos, George W. Bush e os seus aliados na coalición, foi a falsa afirmación de que Iraq posuía e estaba desenvolvendo armas de destrución masiva (ADM), violando un convenio de 1991.[28][29] Funcionarios dos Estados Unidos sostiveron, dun modo interesado e tendencioso, que Iraq representaba unha inminente, urxente e inmediata ameaza ós Estados Unidos, ó seu pobo e ós seus aliados, así como ós seus intereses.[30] Criticouse amplamente ós servizos de información,[31] e os inspectores designados ó efecto non atoparon probas de que existiran as pretendidas armas de destrución masiva. Despois da invasión, o Grupo de Investigación en Iraq chegou á conclusión de que Iraq acabara cos seus programas para desenvolver as devanditas armas en 1991 e non había ningunha no momento da invasión, pero que tiñan a intención de retomar a produción sempre e cando se levantaran as sancións.[32] Algúns funcionarios dos Estados Unidos alegaron que Saddam Hussein e Al Qaeda estiveran cooperando,[33] pero non hai probas de que existise unha relación de colaboración.[34][35] Outras razóns para a invasión por parte dos funcionarios incluían as preocupacións sobre o apoio financeiro de Iraq para as familias de terroristas suicidas palestinos,[36]violacións dos dereitos humanos por parte do goberno iraquí,[37] propagación da democracia,[38] as reservas de petróleo de Iraq,[39][40][41] aínda que este último foi negado por outros funcionarios.[42][43][44]


A invasión levou á rápida derrota das forzas iraquís, o derrocamento do Presidente Saddam Hussein, a súa captura en decembro de 2003 e a súa execución en decembro de 2006. A coalición dirixida polos Estados Unidos no Iraq ocupado tratou de establecer un novo goberno democrático. Porén, pouco despois da invasión inicial, a violencia contra as forzas da coalición e entre os diversos grupos étnicos deu lugar a unha guerra asimétrica coa insurxencia iraquí, a guerra civil entre sunnís e xiís iraquís, e as operacións de Al-Qaeda en Iraq.[45][46] As estimacións do número de persoas mortas varían entre máis de 150.000 a máis de 1 millón de persoas, segundo a fonte. O custo financeiro da guerra estimouse en máis de £ 4.500 millóns ($ 9.000 millóns) para o Reino Unido,[47] e más de $ 845.000 millóns ós Estados Unidos,[48] cun custo total para a economía deste último estimada en $ 3 a 5 billóns. Algunhas das nacións que integraron a coalición comenzaron a retirar as súas forzas como consecuencia dunha opinión pública desfavorable e ó progresivo aumento de efectivos iraquís para asumir a responsabilidade da seguridade no país.[49][50] Porén, Iraq, non chegou a desenvolver armas nucleares, grazas á Operación Ópera de Israel, acontecida uns anos antes.



Notas |




  1. ↑ "Estados Unidos cerra a guerra con Iraq - Clarín.com". Consultado o 14 de decembro de 2011. 


  2. ↑ 2,02,1 Estados Unidos vaise de Iraq Arquivado 22 de maio de 2013 en Wayback Machine. Perfil.com - 22 de decembro de 2011


  3. ↑ 10 años de la invasión Iraq Arquivado 02 de abril de 2013 en Wayback Machine. Telesur


  4. ↑ US names 'coalition of the willing' BBC NEWS


  5. ↑ "Private contractors outnumber U.S. troops in Iraq". By T. Christian Miller. Los Angeles Times. July 4, 2007.


  6. ↑ "Contractor deaths add up in Iraq". By Michelle Roberts. Deseret Morning News. Feb. 24, 2007.


  7. ↑ Collins, C. (August 19, 2007) "U.S. says Iranians train Iraqi insurgents," McClatchy Newspapers


  8. ↑ A Dark Side to Iraq 'Awakening' Groups


  9. ↑ Bendern, Paul de (22-02-2008). "Turkey launches major land offensive into N.Iraq". Reuters. Consultado o 22 de xaneiro de 2008. 


  10. ↑ The Brookings Institution Iraq Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-Saddam Iraq Arquivado 19 de outubro de 2013 en Wayback Machine. 1 October 2007


  11. ↑ Nasrawi, Salah; Katherine Shrader (08-12-2006). "Saudis reportedly funding insurgents". Seattle Times. 


  12. ↑ Ricks, Thomas E.; Ann Scott Tyson (11-01-2007). "Intensified Combat on Streets Likely". Washington Post. 


  13. ↑ Pincus, Walter. "Violence in Iraq Called Increasingly Complex". The Washington Post, November 17, 2006.


  14. ↑ Al Jazeera http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3E14DD15-F2D1-4C65-8148-5200DFB3E975.htm 25 de febreiro de 2008


  15. ↑ 15,015,1 http://www.defense.gov/NEWS/casualty.pdf


  16. ↑ Operations in Iraq: British Fatalities


  17. ↑ 17,017,1 http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/CorporatePublications/DoctrineOperationsandDiplomacyPublications/OperationsInIraq/OpTelicCasualtyAndFatalityTables.htm, http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/7E86BD05-D4FF-4677-97AA-CCFBDCFE4E34/0/optelic_31jul09.pdf


  18. ↑ "DBA CUMULATIVE REPORT BY NATION (09/01/2001 - 3/31/2010)". US Department of Labor. 


  19. ↑ "Copia arquivada". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 17 de outubro de 2006. Consultado o 26 de agosto de 2013. 


  20. ↑ [1]


  21. ↑ [597 killed in 2003,[2], 23,984 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009),[3] 652 killed in May 2004,[4] 45 killed in March 2009,[5] 676 killed in 2010,[6] 451 killed in 2011 (with the exception of February),[7][8][9][10] Arquivado 09 de febreiro de 2015 en Wayback Machine.[11][12] Arquivado 08 de decembro de 2011 na Biblioteca Alexandrina[13] Arquivado 13 de maio de 2012 en Wayback Machine.[14] Arquivado 18 de novembro de 2012 en Wayback Machine.[15] Arquivado 11 de novembro de 2011 en Wayback Machine. thus giving a total of 26,405 dead]


  22. ↑ www.iraqbodycount


  23. ↑ "Operation Iraqi Freedom". Consultado o 02-08-2007. 


  24. ↑ Ministry of Defence. "Fact Sheets". 


  25. ↑ "Saudi King Condemns U.S. Occupation of Iraq". New York Times. marzo de 2007. 


  26. ↑ [elnuevodiario.com.ni/internacionales/82470 Estados Unidos inicia en Iraq operación Pito "Nuevo Amanecer"]


  27. ↑ "US Names Coalition of the Willing". Consultado o 03-11-2007. 


  28. ↑ President Bush Outlines Iraqi Threat


  29. ↑ Piecing together the story of the weapons that weren't


  30. ↑ Center for American Progress (January 29, 2004) "In Their Own Words: Iraq's 'Imminent' Threat" americanprogress.org


  31. ↑ Close, R. (March 10, 2003) "A CIA Analyst on Forging Intelligence -- Whose Deliberate Disinformation?" CounterPunch


  32. ↑ "Iraq Survey Group Final Report: Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)". 


  33. ↑ "The Weekly Standard, Saddam's al Qaeda Connection". 


  34. ↑ Woods, K.M. and Lacey, J. (2008) "Saddam and Terrorism: Emerging Insights from Captured Iraqi Documents," vol. 1 Institute for Defense Analyses IDA Paper P-4287, pp. ES-1


  35. ↑ Kerr, R.J., et al. (29 July 2004) "Intelligence and Analysis on Iraq: Issues for the Intelligence Community," MORI Doc. ID 1245667 (Langley, VA: Central Intelligence Agency)


  36. ↑ CNN (September 12, 2002) "White House spells out case against Iraq", "the White House released a report early Thursday, listing some of the principal accusations against Iraq and its leader.... Iraq is also accused of sheltering two Palestinian terrorist organizations, and it lists Saddam's decision in 2002 to increase from $10,000 to $25,000 the bounty paid to the families of Palestinian suicide bombers."


  37. ↑ Wolfowitz, P. (May 30, 2003) "Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz Press Availability in Singapore," U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) news transcript


  38. ↑ "President Discusses the Future of Iraq" The White House, February 26, 2003


  39. ↑ Wright, G. (June 4, 2003) "Wolfowitz: Iraq war was about oil," Arquivado 11 de maio de 2008 en Wayback Machine. Guardian Unlimited (London: Guardian Newspapers Limited); this article was retracted


  40. ↑ Morgan, D. and Ottaway, D.B. (September 15, 2002) "In Iraqi War Scenario, Oil Is Key Issue" Arquivado 12 de maio de 2008 en Wayback Machine. Washington Post


  41. ↑ Shih, G. and Montes, S. (October 15, 2007) "Roundtable debates energy issues" Arquivado 24 de xuño de 2008 en Wayback Machine. Stanford Daily


  42. ↑ "Gates denies Iraq war about oil". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 21 de decembro de 2007. Consultado o 26 de agosto de 2013. 


  43. ↑ PM denies Iraq oil link


  44. ↑ Blair: Iraq oil claim is 'conspiracy theory'


  45. ↑ U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates, 2 Feb 2007, see "four wars" remark


  46. ↑ "CBS on civil war". CBS News. 26 de setembro de 2006. 


  47. ↑ "UK. Spending on War in Iraq, Afghanistan Rises to $16 Bln (December 2006)". Bloomberg. 06-12-2006. Consultado o 22-01-2007. 


  48. ↑ Iraq war hits U.S. economy: Nobel winner


  49. ↑ Britain's Brown visits officials, troops in Iraq. International Herald Tribune, 2 October 2007.


  50. ↑ Italy plans Iraq troop pull-out BBC March 15, 2005



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A History of the Indian-Subcontinent from 7000 BC to AD 1200The Kashmir Series: Glimpses of Kashmiri Culture – Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari (p. 57).Al-Hind: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th CenturiesHistory of GopāchalaLand of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to MujibEuropean Trade and Colonial ConquestA History of IndiaA Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set)"The Last Years of Cholas: The decline and fall of a dynasty"the originalFascinating Hindutva: Saffron Politics and Dalit MobilisationGazetteer of the province of OudhAl- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2"Shahi Family"The Cambridge history of Islam"Ameer Nasir-ood-deen Subooktugeen"Gazetteer of the Attock District, 1930, Part 1Land of seven rivers: History of India's GeographyTemple Desecration and Indo-Muslim StatesIslam in South Asia: A Short HistoryBeyond Orientalism: The Work of Wilhelm Halbfass and Its Impact on Indian and Cross-cultural StudiesThe Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of ExtremismOrnament in Indian ArchitectureA historical review of Hindu India: 300 B.C. to 1200 A.D."Indian States and Union Territories"Islam in South Asia: A Short HistoryA Brief History of the Indian PeoplesThe Modern ReviewDelhi Sultanate"Battuta's Travels: Delhi, capital of Muslim India"the original"Timur – conquest of India"the originalIndia HandbookBhaktiThe Four Denomination of Hinduism10.1007/s11407-008-9049-925691067"Vijayanagara Research Project::Elephant Stables"10.2307/26465262646526Historical Dictionary of the TamilsBihar General Knowledge DigestMapping Bihar: From Medieval to Modern TimesPopular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South AsiaA manual of the Kistna district in the presidency of MadrasAncient Indian History and CivilizationFragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India"The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)"the originalDynasties: A Global History of Power, 1300–1800, p. 105"Whose fort is it anyway"10.1111/0020-8833.000532600793Development Centre Studies The World Economy Historical Statistics: Historical Statistics"India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries"The Mughal Empire, p. 190"The Long Globalization and Textile Producers in India"The Mughal World: Life in India's Last Golden AgeAurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial KingIn the Shadow of the Taj: A Portrait of Agra"Iran in the Age of the Raj"p. 8610.2307/20539802053980Delhi, the Capital of IndiaAn Advanced History of Modern India"Journal of the Tanjore Maharaja Serfoji's Sarasvati Mahal Library"The Rediscovery of India: A New SubcontinentIslamic Renaissance In South Asia (1707–1867) : The Role Of Shah Waliallah & His SuccessorsAn Advanced History of Modern IndiaThe Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia"Full text of "Selections from the papers of Lord Metcalfe; late governor-general of India, governor of Jamaica, and governor-general of Canada""The Discovery Of IndiaThe Sacred City of the Hindus: An Account of Benares in Ancient and Modern TimesResurrecting Banaras: Urban Space, Architecture and Religious BoundariesFaith & Philosophy of Sikhism"Missiles mainstay of Pak's N-arsenal"History Modern India By S.N. Sen"Sirajuddaula"ArchivedLongman History & Civics (Dual Government in Bengal)Madhya Pradesh National Means-Cum-Merit Scholarship Exam (Warren Hasting's system of Dual Government)A Military History of Britain: from 1775 to the PresentIndian Cultural Heritage Perspective For TourismHindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of KashmirIndian HistoryAn Atlas and Survey of South Asian HistoryAn Historical Account of the British Trade Over the Caspian SeaIndian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600–1750The Indian diaspora in Central Asia and its trade, 1550–1900From Constantinople to the home of Omar Khayyam: travels in Transcaucasia and northern Persia for historic and literary researchA journey from Bengal to England: through the northern part of India, Kashmire, Afghanistan, and Persia, and into Russia, by the Caspian-SeaA Second Journey through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, between the Years 1810 and 1816Reports from the consuls of the United States, 1887Portugal and its Empire, 1250–1800 (Collected Essays in Memory of Glenn J. Ames).: Portuguese Studies Review, Vol. 17, No. 1The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729–1758http://mod.nic.inArchivedDossier Goa – A Recusa do Sacrifício InútilAn Imperial Crisis in British India: The Manipur Uprising of 1891The Truth of Babri Mosque"Kolkata (Calcutta) : History"the original"Robert Clive, Baron Clive, 'Clive of India', 1725–1774""The Transformation from a Pre-Colonial to a Colonial Order: The Case of India"10.2307/25955872595587A versatile geniusArchived10.1109/MWSYM.1997.602854"Rabindranath Tagore on Education"the original"Essay on 'Derozio and the Young Bengal Movement'"Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation"Plague"the originalPopulation Growth and Land Use"Reintegrating India with the World Economy""Census Of India 1931"A history of modern India, 1480–1950"'India's well-timed diversification of army helped democracy' | Business Standard News"Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Struggle for Swaraj"Participants from the Indian subcontinent in the First World War""Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2007–2008 Online"the original1462689197110.1017/s0010417500016534178920Eurocentrism: a marxian critical realist critique"Ranjit Guha, "On Some Aspects of Historiography of Colonial India""10.2307/2168385216838510.7202/016593ar"Harvard scholar says the idea of India dates to a much earlier time than the British or the Mughals""In The Footsteps of Pilgrims""India's spiritual landscape: The heavens and the earth""India: A Sacred Geography by Diana L Eck – review"Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy10.2307/21694222169422964322464"The Indian Subcontinent and 'Out of Africa 1'"254043308Encyclopedia of World ReligionsThe Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics"The Early Paleolithic of the Indian Subcontinent: Hominin Colonization, Dispersals and Occupation History"Ancient Indian History and CivilizationAncient Indian Social History: Some Interpretationsthe originalIndia Before EuropeA Concise History of Modern India"The beginning of the historical period, c. 500–150 BCE"full textA History of Indiathe originalexcerpt and text searchexcerptexcerptAn Economic History of India: From Pre-Colonial Times to 1991excerpt and text searchexcerpt and text searchIndia as known to the ancient world10.1111/j.1468-0289.1985.tb00391.x2597191onlineThe History of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan Periodonline editionHans William Brown research collection on 19th-century missionary work in India, 1882–1932, Ms. Coll. 1033, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvaniaee