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针鼹 目录 分類 特徵  导航菜单针鼹编4142180-2

針鼴活化石


鸭嘴兽单孔目澳大利亞新畿內亞属针鼹属原针鼹属巨針鼴屬澳洲针鼹新畿內亞澳大利亞澳大利亞阿爾卑斯山脈沙漠螞蟻白蟻原针鼹属原针鼹属物種新畿內亞蚯蚓昆蟲滅絕哺乳动物南美洲食蟻獸刺猬豪豬澳洲针鼹螞蟻白蟻原针鼹属蚯蚓昆蟲鸭嘴兽生殖器龜頭交配收縮膨脹生殖道羽毛












针鼹




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针鼹
化石時期: 中新世–全新世

PreЄ

Є

O

S

D

C

P

T

J

K

Pg

N









澳洲针鼹
澳洲针鼹


科學分類











界:

動物界 Animalia

門:

脊索動物門 Chordata

綱:

哺乳綱 Mammalia

目:

单孔目 Monotremata

科:

针鼹科 Tachyglossidae
Gill, 1872

屬


  • 针鼹属(Tachyglossus)


  • 原针鼹属(Zaglossus)

  • †巨針鼴屬 (Megalibgwilia)

针.mw-parser-output ruby.zytext-align:justify;text-justify:none.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rpuser-select:none.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rtfont-feature-settings:"ruby"1;padding:0 0.1em;user-select:none
鼹(yǎn)
,即针鼹科(Tachyglossidae),通常被稱為刺食蚁兽,與鸭嘴兽同為仍然生存的单孔目动物。此科下共有三屬六種生物,其中巨針鼴屬已滅絕,其他兩屬均生活在澳大利亞及新畿內亞。




目录





  • 1 分類

    • 1.1 针鼹属


    • 1.2 原针鼹属



  • 2 特徵 




分類


针鼹被分為三属,分别為针鼹属、原针鼹属及巨針鼴屬。在针鼹属中只有一個種;而在原针鼹属中現存只有三個種,另外同属的兩個種今已滅絕。



针鼹属




澳洲针鼹


澳洲针鼹(Tachyglossus aculeatus)生活在新畿內亞東南,在接近澳大利亞的地方亦有其蹤跡,這些地區包括澳大利亞阿爾卑斯山脈及內陸沙漠地區等,尤其是在螞蟻及白蟻生活的地方。牠的體形較原针鼹属動物小,但有較長的刺。



原针鼹属


原针鼹属的三個物種都是新畿內亞的「土著」,因被獵殺而数量逐渐减少。牠們以蚯蚓及昆蟲為食。



  • 長吻針鼴(Zaglossus bruijni):生活在高原的森林。


  • 阿滕伯勒長喙針鼴鼠(Zaglossus attenboroughi):最近發現的種,喜歡較高的棲息地。


  • 大長吻針鼴(Zaglossus bartoni):當中有4個不同的亞種。

已滅絕的兩個種是:


  • Zaglossus robustus

  • Zaglossus hacketti


特徵 




针鼹科動物捲成球狀


针鼹是細小的哺乳动物,全身表面都由毛髮及刺所遮蓋。外表上,牠們與南美洲的食蟻獸及其他有刺哺乳動物,如刺猬和豪豬相似。短小但強而有力的四肢及大爪,使得牠們成為強勁的挖掘者。


牠們有著細長的口鼻部,同時有口和鼻的功能,但沒有牙齒。牠們會撕開軟木或蟻丘等,以牠們長長的及黏性的舌頭,將獵物捕獲。澳洲针鼹多以螞蟻及白蟻為食糧,而原针鼹属則吃蚯蚓或昆蟲。


针鼹是與鸭嘴兽同樣是卵生的哺乳動物,但雄針鼴生殖器前端具有四個龜頭,四個龜頭會輪流使用,一次交配過程只用兩個,藉由收縮兩個跟膨脹兩個以進入雌性針鼴分岔的生殖道。雌性针鼹會於交配後第22天,生下一個有羽毛及軟殼的蛋,並把它放入育兒袋中。孵化約需10天的時間,幼獸會從母親的乳腺啜食母乳。在育兒袋內約45-55天,幼獸會開始長出刺。母親此時會開始挖掘洞穴安置幼獸,約每5天回來餵養一次,直至幼獸於7個月大後斷奶為止。







取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=针鼹&oldid=50890576”










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