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針鼴 目錄 分類 特徵 保育現狀 參考 導覽選單Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference62265494

單孔目


鴨嘴獸單孔目哺乳動物科屬澳洲新畿內亞針鼴屬原針鼴屬針鼴屬澳洲針鼴新畿內亞澳洲澳洲阿爾卑斯山脈沙漠螞蟻白蟻原針鼴屬新畿內亞蚯蚓昆蟲嘢食森林哺乳動物南美洲食蟻獸刺猬豪豬牙脷澳洲針鼴蟻白蟻原針鼴屬蚯蚓昆蟲鴨嘴獸阿媽乳腺BB厘米香港動植物公園含笑樹獅狨猴












針鼴




出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書






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針鼴科（鼴音「演」），通常又叫有刺食蟻獸，同鴨嘴獸一樣係而家重生存嘅單孔目哺乳動物。呢科有 2 個屬 4 種，全部住喺澳洲同新畿內亞。




目錄





  • 1 分類

    • 1.1 針鼴屬


    • 1.2 原針鼴屬



  • 2 特徵


  • 3 保育現狀


  • 4 參考




分類




可以喺好多地方容易發現嘅澳洲針鼴


針鼴科分為兩個屬，針鼴屬同原針鼴屬。喺針鼴屬中只得一個品種；而原針鼴屬現存有3個品種，另外同屬嘅兩個品種經已絕種，只有化石。



針鼴屬


澳洲針鼴（Tachyglossus aculeatus）喺新畿內亞東南部俾人發現，而且喺澳洲接近嘅地方亦發現佢哋嘅蹤跡，包括澳洲阿爾卑斯山脈同內陸沙漠地區，尤其喺螞蟻同白蟻非常多嘅地方。佢哋嘅體形比原針鼴屬動物細，但有長啲嘅刺。



原針鼴屬


原針鼴屬 3 個品種都係新畿內亞嘅「土著」，俾人捉嚟食而慢慢減少，蚯蚓同昆蟲係為嘢食，喺森林嘅樹葉堆中搵食。



  • 長吻針鼴（Zaglossus bruijni）：生活響高原森林。


  • Zaglossus attenboroughi：最近發現嘅品種，喜歡較高嘅棲息地。


  • 大長吻針鼴（Zaglossus bartoni）：當中有 4 個唔同嘅亞種。

絕咗種嘅兩個品種係：


  • Zaglossus robustus

  • Zaglossus hacketti


特徵




針鼴科動物捲成球狀


針鼴科係細嘅哺乳動物，成身都有毛同刺。外表上，佢哋似南美洲嘅食蟻獸同其他有刺哺乳動物，好似刺猬同豪豬。腳短有大爪，不過四肢強而有力，令佢哋成為強勁嘅挖掘者。


佢哋有細同長嘅「口鼻部」，同時有口同鼻嘅功能，但係冇牙。會撕開軟木或蟻丘，用長同埋有黏性嘅脷，將獵物黐嚟食。澳洲針鼴多食蟻同白蟻，而原針鼴屬鍾意食蚯蚓、昆蟲。


針鼴科動物同鴨嘴獸一樣，係卵生嘅哺乳動物。雌性針鼴科動物會喺交配後第 22 日，生一個有羽毛同軟殼嘅蛋，並將佢放入身上嘅「育兒袋」裏面。孵化約需要10 日時間，幼獸會從阿媽嘅乳腺啜食奶。喺育兒袋裏面約 45 - 55 日，BB 會開始生刺出嚟。呢個時候阿媽會開始挖掘籠安置 BB，約每5日返來餵一次，直至 BB 7 個月大斷奶為止。



保育現狀





香港動植物公園以前所養嘅針鼴


針鼴係一種好難成功繁殖嘅物種，目前全世界只有兩次成功繁殖嘅記錄：第一次喺1908年，喺巴林動物園（Belin Zoo）裏面成功繁殖出一隻，但係過咗3個月度就死咗；另一次喺1955年，Basel Zoo有一隻重83克，有12.5厘米長嘅針鼴出世，剛出世時佢個身好凍，雖然其後為佢保暖，但係都活唔到2日。


香港動植物公園以前亦有養針鼴。籠係喺含笑樹之下嘅草地裏面，好難睇到佢，之後擺咗落去獅狨猴籠裏面一齊養，近幾年已經唔見公園有養，相信已經死咗。



參考




  1. ↑ Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 編. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (第3rd版). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 第 p. 1–2頁. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.  CS1維護: 附加文字 (link)


  • Flannery, T.F. and Groves, C.P. 1998 A revision of the genus Zaglossus (Monotremata, Tachyglossidae), with description of new species and subspecies. Mammalia, 62(3): 367-396

  • Parker, Janet "Echidna Love Trains", "Scribbly Gum" online magazine

  • Rismiller, Peggy "Echidnas and Goannas of Kangaroo Island"



Wikipedia:點樣睇生物分類框How to read a taxobox
針鼴[1]

長吻針鼴
長吻針鼴


物種分類











界

動物界

門

脊索動物門

綱

哺乳綱

目

單孔目

科

Tachyglossidae
Gill, 1872

Species

Genus Tachyglossus

   T. aculeatus

Genus Zaglossus

   Z. attenboroughi

   Z. bruijnii

   Z. bartoni

   Z. hacketti（已絕種）

   Z. robustus（已絕種）





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