Reference request: Oldest number theory books with (unsolved) exercises? The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InClassical Enumerative Geometry ReferencesHow does “modern” number theory contribute to further understanding of $mathbbN$?Divergent Series as a topic of researchGeometric intuition for Fontaine-Wintenberger?Classification of singularities of plane curves of fixed degree (reference request)Reference request: Oldest calculus, real analysis books with exercises?Reference request: Oldest linear algebra books with exercises?Reference request for bounds of $n$-th compositeReference request: Oldest complex analysis books with (unsolved) exercises?Reference request: Oldest (non-analytic) geometry books with (unsolved) exercises?

Reference request: Oldest number theory books with (unsolved) exercises?



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InClassical Enumerative Geometry ReferencesHow does “modern” number theory contribute to further understanding of $mathbbN$?Divergent Series as a topic of researchGeometric intuition for Fontaine-Wintenberger?Classification of singularities of plane curves of fixed degree (reference request)Reference request: Oldest calculus, real analysis books with exercises?Reference request: Oldest linear algebra books with exercises?Reference request for bounds of $n$-th compositeReference request: Oldest complex analysis books with (unsolved) exercises?Reference request: Oldest (non-analytic) geometry books with (unsolved) exercises?










4












$begingroup$


Per the title, what are some of the oldest number theory books out there with (unsolved) exercises? Maybe there are some hidden gems from before the 20th century out there. I am already aware of the books of Dickson and Hardy.



Motivation for this question. Some person came up to me before class and asked, are you the person asking the ridiculous "oldest book with exercises" questions on MO? I said yes, and he asked I could do one on number theory. So here we are.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Elementary Number Theory by Uspensky and Heaslet has a bunch of problems in each chapter. Not sure whether it's the oldness you are looking for (my impression is that the exercises don't get better if you go older than this).
    $endgroup$
    – darij grinberg
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Not sure if there are exercises: books.google.com/books/about/…
    $endgroup$
    – Cherng-tiao Perng
    9 hours ago







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I found this: "Introduzione alla teoria dei numeri, con numerosi esercizi e con notizie storiche." by Vittorio Murer, from 1909 zbmath.org/?q=an%3A40.0266.01
    $endgroup$
    – EFinat-S
    3 hours ago
















4












$begingroup$


Per the title, what are some of the oldest number theory books out there with (unsolved) exercises? Maybe there are some hidden gems from before the 20th century out there. I am already aware of the books of Dickson and Hardy.



Motivation for this question. Some person came up to me before class and asked, are you the person asking the ridiculous "oldest book with exercises" questions on MO? I said yes, and he asked I could do one on number theory. So here we are.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Elementary Number Theory by Uspensky and Heaslet has a bunch of problems in each chapter. Not sure whether it's the oldness you are looking for (my impression is that the exercises don't get better if you go older than this).
    $endgroup$
    – darij grinberg
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Not sure if there are exercises: books.google.com/books/about/…
    $endgroup$
    – Cherng-tiao Perng
    9 hours ago







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I found this: "Introduzione alla teoria dei numeri, con numerosi esercizi e con notizie storiche." by Vittorio Murer, from 1909 zbmath.org/?q=an%3A40.0266.01
    $endgroup$
    – EFinat-S
    3 hours ago














4












4








4


1



$begingroup$


Per the title, what are some of the oldest number theory books out there with (unsolved) exercises? Maybe there are some hidden gems from before the 20th century out there. I am already aware of the books of Dickson and Hardy.



Motivation for this question. Some person came up to me before class and asked, are you the person asking the ridiculous "oldest book with exercises" questions on MO? I said yes, and he asked I could do one on number theory. So here we are.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




Per the title, what are some of the oldest number theory books out there with (unsolved) exercises? Maybe there are some hidden gems from before the 20th century out there. I am already aware of the books of Dickson and Hardy.



Motivation for this question. Some person came up to me before class and asked, are you the person asking the ridiculous "oldest book with exercises" questions on MO? I said yes, and he asked I could do one on number theory. So here we are.







nt.number-theory reference-request






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited 9 hours ago







Get Off The Internet

















asked 10 hours ago









Get Off The InternetGet Off The Internet

369320




369320







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Elementary Number Theory by Uspensky and Heaslet has a bunch of problems in each chapter. Not sure whether it's the oldness you are looking for (my impression is that the exercises don't get better if you go older than this).
    $endgroup$
    – darij grinberg
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Not sure if there are exercises: books.google.com/books/about/…
    $endgroup$
    – Cherng-tiao Perng
    9 hours ago







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I found this: "Introduzione alla teoria dei numeri, con numerosi esercizi e con notizie storiche." by Vittorio Murer, from 1909 zbmath.org/?q=an%3A40.0266.01
    $endgroup$
    – EFinat-S
    3 hours ago













  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Elementary Number Theory by Uspensky and Heaslet has a bunch of problems in each chapter. Not sure whether it's the oldness you are looking for (my impression is that the exercises don't get better if you go older than this).
    $endgroup$
    – darij grinberg
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Not sure if there are exercises: books.google.com/books/about/…
    $endgroup$
    – Cherng-tiao Perng
    9 hours ago







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I found this: "Introduzione alla teoria dei numeri, con numerosi esercizi e con notizie storiche." by Vittorio Murer, from 1909 zbmath.org/?q=an%3A40.0266.01
    $endgroup$
    – EFinat-S
    3 hours ago








2




2




$begingroup$
Elementary Number Theory by Uspensky and Heaslet has a bunch of problems in each chapter. Not sure whether it's the oldness you are looking for (my impression is that the exercises don't get better if you go older than this).
$endgroup$
– darij grinberg
9 hours ago




$begingroup$
Elementary Number Theory by Uspensky and Heaslet has a bunch of problems in each chapter. Not sure whether it's the oldness you are looking for (my impression is that the exercises don't get better if you go older than this).
$endgroup$
– darij grinberg
9 hours ago




1




1




$begingroup$
Not sure if there are exercises: books.google.com/books/about/…
$endgroup$
– Cherng-tiao Perng
9 hours ago





$begingroup$
Not sure if there are exercises: books.google.com/books/about/…
$endgroup$
– Cherng-tiao Perng
9 hours ago





1




1




$begingroup$
I found this: "Introduzione alla teoria dei numeri, con numerosi esercizi e con notizie storiche." by Vittorio Murer, from 1909 zbmath.org/?q=an%3A40.0266.01
$endgroup$
– EFinat-S
3 hours ago





$begingroup$
I found this: "Introduzione alla teoria dei numeri, con numerosi esercizi e con notizie storiche." by Vittorio Murer, from 1909 zbmath.org/?q=an%3A40.0266.01
$endgroup$
– EFinat-S
3 hours ago











2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















6












$begingroup$

I wonder if you are already aware of R. D. Carmichael's "The theory of numbers" (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, pp. 94, 1914.).



Apropos of the exercises in this monograph, one can read the following in the preface:




Numerous problems are supplied throughout the text. These have been
selected with great care so as to serve as excellent exercises for the
student's introductory training in the methods of number theory and to
afford at the same time a further collection of useful results. The
exercises with a star are more difficult than the others; they will
doubtless appeal to the best students.




Among the numerous problems supplied, the eighth problem on page 36 does stand out because, as far as I know, nobody has been able to solve it yet. It goes as follows:




  1. Show that if the equation $$phi(x) = n$$ has one solution; it always has a second solution, $n$ being given and $x$ being the
    unknown.



Oddly enough, Carmichael didn't consider that this question deserved a star... In case you want to learn more about the history of this problem, I recommend that you take a look at the following installment of The evidence (a column that Stan Wagon used to contribute to The Mathematical Intelligencer):



S. Wagon, Carmichael's "empirical theorem". Math. Intelligencer, 8 (1986), No. 2, pp. 61-63.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Carmichael followed this up with his 1915 book, Diophantine Analysis, which also had exercises at the end of each chapter.
    $endgroup$
    – Gerry Myerson
    5 hours ago


















2












$begingroup$

The book "Théorie des nombres, Tome premier" by Edouard Lucas was published 1891. Many of the "Exemples" are actually exercises left to the reader. A scan is freely available in the archive.






share|cite|improve this answer









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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    6












    $begingroup$

    I wonder if you are already aware of R. D. Carmichael's "The theory of numbers" (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, pp. 94, 1914.).



    Apropos of the exercises in this monograph, one can read the following in the preface:




    Numerous problems are supplied throughout the text. These have been
    selected with great care so as to serve as excellent exercises for the
    student's introductory training in the methods of number theory and to
    afford at the same time a further collection of useful results. The
    exercises with a star are more difficult than the others; they will
    doubtless appeal to the best students.




    Among the numerous problems supplied, the eighth problem on page 36 does stand out because, as far as I know, nobody has been able to solve it yet. It goes as follows:




    1. Show that if the equation $$phi(x) = n$$ has one solution; it always has a second solution, $n$ being given and $x$ being the
      unknown.



    Oddly enough, Carmichael didn't consider that this question deserved a star... In case you want to learn more about the history of this problem, I recommend that you take a look at the following installment of The evidence (a column that Stan Wagon used to contribute to The Mathematical Intelligencer):



    S. Wagon, Carmichael's "empirical theorem". Math. Intelligencer, 8 (1986), No. 2, pp. 61-63.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Carmichael followed this up with his 1915 book, Diophantine Analysis, which also had exercises at the end of each chapter.
      $endgroup$
      – Gerry Myerson
      5 hours ago















    6












    $begingroup$

    I wonder if you are already aware of R. D. Carmichael's "The theory of numbers" (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, pp. 94, 1914.).



    Apropos of the exercises in this monograph, one can read the following in the preface:




    Numerous problems are supplied throughout the text. These have been
    selected with great care so as to serve as excellent exercises for the
    student's introductory training in the methods of number theory and to
    afford at the same time a further collection of useful results. The
    exercises with a star are more difficult than the others; they will
    doubtless appeal to the best students.




    Among the numerous problems supplied, the eighth problem on page 36 does stand out because, as far as I know, nobody has been able to solve it yet. It goes as follows:




    1. Show that if the equation $$phi(x) = n$$ has one solution; it always has a second solution, $n$ being given and $x$ being the
      unknown.



    Oddly enough, Carmichael didn't consider that this question deserved a star... In case you want to learn more about the history of this problem, I recommend that you take a look at the following installment of The evidence (a column that Stan Wagon used to contribute to The Mathematical Intelligencer):



    S. Wagon, Carmichael's "empirical theorem". Math. Intelligencer, 8 (1986), No. 2, pp. 61-63.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Carmichael followed this up with his 1915 book, Diophantine Analysis, which also had exercises at the end of each chapter.
      $endgroup$
      – Gerry Myerson
      5 hours ago













    6












    6








    6





    $begingroup$

    I wonder if you are already aware of R. D. Carmichael's "The theory of numbers" (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, pp. 94, 1914.).



    Apropos of the exercises in this monograph, one can read the following in the preface:




    Numerous problems are supplied throughout the text. These have been
    selected with great care so as to serve as excellent exercises for the
    student's introductory training in the methods of number theory and to
    afford at the same time a further collection of useful results. The
    exercises with a star are more difficult than the others; they will
    doubtless appeal to the best students.




    Among the numerous problems supplied, the eighth problem on page 36 does stand out because, as far as I know, nobody has been able to solve it yet. It goes as follows:




    1. Show that if the equation $$phi(x) = n$$ has one solution; it always has a second solution, $n$ being given and $x$ being the
      unknown.



    Oddly enough, Carmichael didn't consider that this question deserved a star... In case you want to learn more about the history of this problem, I recommend that you take a look at the following installment of The evidence (a column that Stan Wagon used to contribute to The Mathematical Intelligencer):



    S. Wagon, Carmichael's "empirical theorem". Math. Intelligencer, 8 (1986), No. 2, pp. 61-63.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$



    I wonder if you are already aware of R. D. Carmichael's "The theory of numbers" (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, pp. 94, 1914.).



    Apropos of the exercises in this monograph, one can read the following in the preface:




    Numerous problems are supplied throughout the text. These have been
    selected with great care so as to serve as excellent exercises for the
    student's introductory training in the methods of number theory and to
    afford at the same time a further collection of useful results. The
    exercises with a star are more difficult than the others; they will
    doubtless appeal to the best students.




    Among the numerous problems supplied, the eighth problem on page 36 does stand out because, as far as I know, nobody has been able to solve it yet. It goes as follows:




    1. Show that if the equation $$phi(x) = n$$ has one solution; it always has a second solution, $n$ being given and $x$ being the
      unknown.



    Oddly enough, Carmichael didn't consider that this question deserved a star... In case you want to learn more about the history of this problem, I recommend that you take a look at the following installment of The evidence (a column that Stan Wagon used to contribute to The Mathematical Intelligencer):



    S. Wagon, Carmichael's "empirical theorem". Math. Intelligencer, 8 (1986), No. 2, pp. 61-63.







    share|cite|improve this answer














    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer








    edited 3 hours ago

























    answered 6 hours ago









    José Hdz. Stgo.José Hdz. Stgo.

    5,32734877




    5,32734877







    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Carmichael followed this up with his 1915 book, Diophantine Analysis, which also had exercises at the end of each chapter.
      $endgroup$
      – Gerry Myerson
      5 hours ago












    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Carmichael followed this up with his 1915 book, Diophantine Analysis, which also had exercises at the end of each chapter.
      $endgroup$
      – Gerry Myerson
      5 hours ago







    1




    1




    $begingroup$
    Carmichael followed this up with his 1915 book, Diophantine Analysis, which also had exercises at the end of each chapter.
    $endgroup$
    – Gerry Myerson
    5 hours ago




    $begingroup$
    Carmichael followed this up with his 1915 book, Diophantine Analysis, which also had exercises at the end of each chapter.
    $endgroup$
    – Gerry Myerson
    5 hours ago











    2












    $begingroup$

    The book "Théorie des nombres, Tome premier" by Edouard Lucas was published 1891. Many of the "Exemples" are actually exercises left to the reader. A scan is freely available in the archive.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$

















      2












      $begingroup$

      The book "Théorie des nombres, Tome premier" by Edouard Lucas was published 1891. Many of the "Exemples" are actually exercises left to the reader. A scan is freely available in the archive.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$















        2












        2








        2





        $begingroup$

        The book "Théorie des nombres, Tome premier" by Edouard Lucas was published 1891. Many of the "Exemples" are actually exercises left to the reader. A scan is freely available in the archive.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        The book "Théorie des nombres, Tome premier" by Edouard Lucas was published 1891. Many of the "Exemples" are actually exercises left to the reader. A scan is freely available in the archive.







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered 2 hours ago









        EFinat-SEFinat-S

        1,2041417




        1,2041417



























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INDIA, Post-Gupta (Ganges Valley). Vardhanas of Thanesar and Kanauj. Harshavardhana. Circa AD 606–647. AR Drachm (13mm, 2.28 g, 1h)""Harsha""Sthanvishvara (historical region, India)""Harsha (Indian emperor)"Shyama Kumar Chattopadhyaya (2000) The Philosophy of Sankar's Advaita VedantaShankara's IntroductionShankara's Introduction19373677Shankara's IntroductionIs The Buddhist 'No-Self' Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?The Seven Spiritual Laws Of YogaIndia: The Ancient Past. A History of the Indian-Subcontinent from 7000 BC to AD 1200The Kashmir Series: Glimpses of Kashmiri Culture – Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari (p. 57).Al-Hind: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th CenturiesHistory of GopāchalaLand of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to MujibEuropean Trade and Colonial ConquestA History of IndiaA Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set)"The Last Years of Cholas: The decline and fall of a dynasty"the originalFascinating Hindutva: Saffron Politics and Dalit MobilisationGazetteer of the province of OudhAl- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2"Shahi Family"The Cambridge history of Islam"Ameer Nasir-ood-deen Subooktugeen"Gazetteer of the Attock District, 1930, Part 1Land of seven rivers: History of India's GeographyTemple Desecration and Indo-Muslim StatesIslam in South Asia: A Short HistoryBeyond Orientalism: The Work of Wilhelm Halbfass and Its Impact on Indian and Cross-cultural StudiesThe Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of ExtremismOrnament in Indian ArchitectureA historical review of Hindu India: 300 B.C. to 1200 A.D."Indian States and Union Territories"Islam in South Asia: A Short HistoryA Brief History of the Indian PeoplesThe Modern ReviewDelhi Sultanate"Battuta's Travels: Delhi, capital of Muslim India"the original"Timur – conquest of India"the originalIndia HandbookBhaktiThe Four Denomination of Hinduism10.1007/s11407-008-9049-925691067"Vijayanagara Research Project::Elephant Stables"10.2307/26465262646526Historical Dictionary of the TamilsBihar General Knowledge DigestMapping Bihar: From Medieval to Modern TimesPopular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South AsiaA manual of the Kistna district in the presidency of MadrasAncient Indian History and CivilizationFragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India"The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)"the originalDynasties: A Global History of Power, 1300–1800, p. 105"Whose fort is it anyway"10.1111/0020-8833.000532600793Development Centre Studies The World Economy Historical Statistics: Historical Statistics"India's Deindustrialization in the 18th and 19th Centuries"The Mughal Empire, p. 190"The Long Globalization and Textile Producers in India"The Mughal World: Life in India's Last Golden AgeAurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial KingIn the Shadow of the Taj: A Portrait of Agra"Iran in the Age of the Raj"p. 8610.2307/20539802053980Delhi, the Capital of IndiaAn Advanced History of Modern India"Journal of the Tanjore Maharaja Serfoji's Sarasvati Mahal Library"The Rediscovery of India: A New SubcontinentIslamic Renaissance In South Asia (1707–1867) : The Role Of Shah Waliallah & His SuccessorsAn Advanced History of Modern IndiaThe Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia"Full text of "Selections from the papers of Lord Metcalfe; late governor-general of India, governor of Jamaica, and governor-general of Canada""The Discovery Of IndiaThe Sacred City of the Hindus: An Account of Benares in Ancient and Modern TimesResurrecting Banaras: Urban Space, Architecture and Religious BoundariesFaith & Philosophy of Sikhism"Missiles mainstay of Pak's N-arsenal"History Modern India By S.N. Sen"Sirajuddaula"ArchivedLongman History & Civics (Dual Government in Bengal)Madhya Pradesh National Means-Cum-Merit Scholarship Exam (Warren Hasting's system of Dual Government)A Military History of Britain: from 1775 to the PresentIndian Cultural Heritage Perspective For TourismHindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of KashmirIndian HistoryAn Atlas and Survey of South Asian HistoryAn Historical Account of the British Trade Over the Caspian SeaIndian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600–1750The Indian diaspora in Central Asia and its trade, 1550–1900From Constantinople to the home of Omar Khayyam: travels in Transcaucasia and northern Persia for historic and literary researchA journey from Bengal to England: through the northern part of India, Kashmire, Afghanistan, and Persia, and into Russia, by the Caspian-SeaA Second Journey through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, between the Years 1810 and 1816Reports from the consuls of the United States, 1887Portugal and its Empire, 1250–1800 (Collected Essays in Memory of Glenn J. Ames).: Portuguese Studies Review, Vol. 17, No. 1The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729–1758http://mod.nic.inArchivedDossier Goa – A Recusa do Sacrifício InútilAn Imperial Crisis in British India: The Manipur Uprising of 1891The Truth of Babri Mosque"Kolkata (Calcutta) : History"the original"Robert Clive, Baron Clive, 'Clive of India', 1725–1774""The Transformation from a Pre-Colonial to a Colonial Order: The Case of India"10.2307/25955872595587A versatile geniusArchived10.1109/MWSYM.1997.602854"Rabindranath Tagore on Education"the original"Essay on 'Derozio and the Young Bengal Movement'"Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation"Plague"the originalPopulation Growth and Land Use"Reintegrating India with the World Economy""Census Of India 1931"A history of modern India, 1480–1950"'India's well-timed diversification of army helped democracy' | Business Standard News"Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Struggle for Swaraj"Participants from the Indian subcontinent in the First World War""Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2007–2008 Online"the original1462689197110.1017/s0010417500016534178920Eurocentrism: a marxian critical realist critique"Ranjit Guha, "On Some Aspects of Historiography of Colonial India""10.2307/2168385216838510.7202/016593ar"Harvard scholar says the idea of India dates to a much earlier time than the British or the Mughals""In The Footsteps of Pilgrims""India's spiritual landscape: The heavens and the earth""India: A Sacred Geography by Diana L Eck – review"Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy10.2307/21694222169422964322464"The Indian Subcontinent and 'Out of Africa 1'"254043308Encyclopedia of World ReligionsThe Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics"The Early Paleolithic of the Indian Subcontinent: Hominin Colonization, Dispersals and Occupation History"Ancient Indian History and CivilizationAncient Indian Social History: Some Interpretationsthe originalIndia Before EuropeA Concise History of Modern India"The beginning of the historical period, c. 500–150 BCE"full textA History of Indiathe originalexcerpt and text searchexcerptexcerptAn Economic History of India: From Pre-Colonial Times to 1991excerpt and text searchexcerpt and text searchIndia as known to the ancient world10.1111/j.1468-0289.1985.tb00391.x2597191onlineThe History of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan Periodonline editionHans William Brown research collection on 19th-century missionary work in India, 1882–1932, Ms. Coll. 1033, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvaniaee