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Rheged Índice Situación | Reis de Rheged | Rheged Meridional | Os irlandeses en Rheged | Fin de Rheged | Curiosidades sobre o recordo de Rheged | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegaciónAntigos reinos britanos: reis de RhegedA cabeza de Urien Rheged, atribuído a Llywarch HenO Rheged Centree

Antigos reinos das Illas BritánicasHistoria de InglaterraYr Hen Ogledd


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Rheged




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O Eden Valley, que se pensa que foi o corazón do reino de Rheged.


Rheged (pronunciado en galés: /r̥ɛgɛd/) foi un dos reinos do Hen Ogledd ("Vello Norte"), a rexión britónicofalante no que hoxe é o norte de Inglaterra e o sur de Escocia, durante a alta Idade Media. Descoñecemos cales foron os seus límites exactos, pero seguro que a actual Cumbria no noroeste de Inglaterra canda amplos territorios adxacentes pertencíanlles[1]. Nas fontes históricas Rheged aparece intimamente ligado co rei Urien Rheged e a súa familia[2]. Os seus habitantes falaban a lingua cúmbrica, un dialecto britónico extinguido hai tempo e que estaba moi relacionado co galés antigo[3].




Índice





  • 1 Situación


  • 2 Reis de Rheged


  • 3 Rheged Meridional


  • 4 Os irlandeses en Rheged


  • 5 Fin de Rheged


  • 6 Curiosidades sobre o recordo de Rheged


  • 7 Notas


  • 8 Véxase tamén

    • 8.1 Bibliografía


    • 8.2 Ligazóns externas





Situación |


O nome Rheged aparece regularmente como epíteto dun tal Urien nun número de antigos poemas galeses e xenealoxías reais. As súas vitorias sobre os xefes anglos de Bernicia na segunda metade do século VI rexístranse na obra de Nennio e aparecen celebradas na obra do bardo Taliesin que lle chama 'Gobernante de Rheged'. Deste xeito aparece situado de cheo no norte de Britania e, máis especificamente, en Westmorland cando se refiren a el como 'Xefe de Llwyfenydd' (o Val de Lyvennet).[4] a lenda posterior é moi coincidente ao asociar a Urien coa cidade de Carlisle, a só corenta quilómetros e Higham suxire que os seus límites coincidían en xeral cos da antiga Civitas Carvetiorum, a unidade administrativa romana que tiña como centro Carlisle. Malia Rheged poder ser só unha simple fortaleza, non era estraño que os monarcas post-romanos empregasen o nome do seu reino como epíteto. Hoxe acéptase que Rheged foi un reino que cubría unha gran parte da actual Cumbria.


A evidencia toponímica do nome Dunragit (posibelmente 'Forte (dun) de Rheged') suxire que, polo menos durante un período da súa historia, Rheged se estendía ata Dumfries and Galloway. Algunhas interpretacións máis problemáticas suxiren que puido ter chegado tan ao sur como Rochdale en Greater Manchester, rexistrado no Domesday Book como Recedham. O reino de Urien certamente estendíase bastante cara ao leste nalgunha época, foi tamén 'Gobernante de Catraeth' - Catterick en North Yorkshire [5].



Reis de Rheged |


A xenealoxía real tradicional de Urien e os seus sucesores leva ata Coel Hen (alias King Cole), que puido que gobernasen o norte a principios do século V. Asúmese que en xeral todos os que aparecen na sucesión reinaron en Rheged, pero só tres deles poden ser verificados por fontes externas:



  • Meirchion Gul – gobernante pouco coñecido, pai de


  • Cynfarch Oer – quen deu o seu nome á familia, pai de


  • Urien Rheged – mencionado arriba, pai de


  • Owain – tamén celebrado por loitar contra os de Bernicia.


Rheged Meridional |


Existe unha segunda xenealoxía real para unha dinastía, se cadra de reis, que descende dun irmán de Cynfarch Oer, un tal Elidir Lydanwyn. Segundo a antiga poesía galesa, o fillo de Elidir, Llywarch Hen, foi un propietario agrícola e saíu do seu territorio tralas disputas entre os príncipes tras morrer Urien. Asóciase posteriormente co reino de Powys.


A investigacións verbo do reino de Llywarch levou a algúns historiadores a suxerir que, como era habitual nos reinos britóns tardíos, Rheged podería ter sido dividido entre os fillos en Norte e Sur. Un reino meridional con sede en Ribchester en Lancashire podería perfectamente cubrir un baleiro nunha zona onde non se coñecía a existencia de ningún reino trala marcha dos romanos de Britannia. Porén, isto é pura especulación.



Os irlandeses en Rheged |


Hai unha evidencia considerábel para unha presenza irlandesa en Rheged. Sábese que misioneiros cristiáns irlandeses estaban activos na Cumbria posterior aos romanos (mesmo se a rexión era polo menos nominalmente cristiá desde tempos romanos), isto vén indicado polas varias dedicacións de igrexas a San Columba. Houbo probabelmente comerciantes, piratas e colonos irlandeses sen conexión ningunha coa igrexa tamén.



Fin de Rheged |




Entrada no Rheged Discovery Centre.


Cando Bernicia se uniu con Deira para se converteren no reino de Northumbria, Rheged foi anexionado por Northumbria, nalgún momento antes de 730. Houbo un matrimonio real entre o príncipe (e despois rei) Oswiu de Northumbria e unha princesa de Rheged, probabelmente o 638, de xeito que é posíbel que houbese unha absorción pacífica xa que o mesmo home herdou ambos reinos.


Despois de que Rheged se incorporou a Northumbria, a antiga lingua cúmbrica foi paseniño substituída polo inglés antigo, ficando o cúmbrico só en zonas remotas. O nome dos galeses na súa lingua, Cymry, sobreviviu, porén, no nome de Cumberland e agora Cumbria.



Curiosidades sobre o recordo de Rheged |


O nome de Rheged adoptouno hoxe The Rheged Centre, próximo a Penrith en Cumbria. O centro, á parte de outlets de roupa e cafeterías baseados en Cumbria, presume de ter o meirande teito de turba de Europa e un gran cinema que proxecta películas incluíndo un sobre a historia de Rheged.



Notas |




  1. ↑ Koch, p. 1499.


  2. ↑ Koch, p. 1498.


  3. ↑ Jackson, Language & History in Early Britain, p. 9


  4. ↑ Williams, Ifor (1960). Canu Taliesin. Cardiff: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru. ISBN 0-7083-1646-8. 


  5. ↑ Isto é certo só se admitimos que Catterick foi o lugar da batalla de Catraeth, cantada por Aneirin no seu Y Gododdin



Véxase tamén |



Bibliografía |


  • Bartrum, PC (1966) Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts.

  • Ellis, Peter Beresford (1993) Celt and Saxon.

  • Higham, Nick (1986) The Northern Counties to AD 1000.


  • Jackson, Kenneth (1953) Language & History in Early Britain, Edinburgh University Press.

  • Marsden, John (1992) Northanhymbre Saga.

  • Morris, John (1973) The Age of Arthur.

  • Morris-Jones, John (1918) Y Commrodor 28.


  • Williams, Ifor (1935) Canu Llywarch Hen.


  • Williams, Ifor (1960) Canu Taliesin.


Ligazóns externas |


  • Antigos reinos britanos: reis de Rheged

  • A cabeza de Urien Rheged, atribuído a Llywarch Hen

  • O Rheged Centre




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